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Jewish educational projects and programs are thriving, attracting philanthropic support for exciting and creative approaches in every sector and setting. But underneath that energy, we are not as clear as we ought to be about desired outcomes, the kinds of learning needed to achieve these, and how those kinds of learning actually occur. This volume is the first of its kind to bring together scholars from inside Jewish education and from the learning sciences. It offers a set of critical perspectives on learning, sometimes borrowing models from other domains (such as science) and sometimes examining specific domains within Jewish education (such as havruta learning or the learning of Jewish history). Collectively, these contributions help to advance a smarter, sharper conversation about Jewish learning that matters.
Jews --- Jewish religious education. --- Judaism --- Education. --- Study and teaching. --- Education, Jewish --- Religious education, Jewish --- Moral education --- Religious education --- Education --- Study and teaching --- Educational Outcomes. --- Educational Philosophy. --- Jewish education. --- Judaism. --- Learning Science. --- Religious Education. --- Teaching and Learning.
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The objective of this report is to describe the process and summarize the results from the pilot implementation of statistical models for measuring the value-added of Bulgarian schools through analysis of the national student' assessments results. This report presents the technical aspects of the pilot and the key outcomes in terms of value-added measure for each of the schools included in the analysis. The report documents all data processing, adjustments, and procedures run as part of the school value added modeling and in this respect, it is also intended expert statisticians and researchers. The national student assessment results in Bulgaria are reported on a non-transformed raw point scale accompanied by a table that allows a transformation of the raw points to the six-grade rating scale, adopted for measuring students' performance. Based on this, each school receives an average score and some means of comparison with other schools in the country. Analyzing the test results through value-added analysis is a new approach for the country and the findings from this pilot are intended to inform policy makers in Bulgaria about the advantages and limitations of value-added measures (VAMs) in the context of the Bulgarian education system, its student assessment framework, and the data collected and used by the education management information system.
Assessments --- Curriculum --- Education --- Education For All --- Educational Outcomes --- Employment --- Gender --- Human Development --- Knowledge --- Lower Secondary Education --- Quality of Education --- School Attendance --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Small Schools --- Standardized Tests --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Textbooks --- Workers --- Youth
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This case study seeks to understand how the Lagos Eko Secondary Education Project (Eko Project) tailored international best practices to leverage impact through education sector reforms in Lagos State's public secondary school system. These best practices include an intensive utilization of evidence-based policy making, the granting of autonomy to a variety of stakeholders together with the expectation of accountability for results, community participation, incentives for reform, support for public-private partnerships (PPPs), and adaptive implementation. Research methods focus on the Science of Delivery case study guidelines, drawing on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders to better understand the implementation process and analyze the causal mechanisms for results achieved. The case study highlights four key contributors to the Eko Project's politically savvy, locally tailored and adaptive delivery approach: (i) it managed to build on collective leadership along the entire delivery chain, from the political leadership of the governor down to the professional leadership of classroom teachers; (ii) it bounced back from a setback in outcomes by strengthening data collection and analysis of results; (iii) it struck the right balance between external and internal implementation mechanisms to make the most of established institutions; and (iv) it aimed at macro-level impact by reaching down to individual learning achievements.
Access to Education --- Community Driven Development --- Curriculum --- Education --- Education For All --- Educational Outcomes --- Enrollment Rates --- Knowledge --- Literacy --- Primary Education --- Problem Solving --- Quality of Education --- Reading --- Sanitation --- School Administration --- School Attendance --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Teacher Salaries --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Textbooks
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This report seeks to inform the process of design and implementation of institutional reforms related to the development of a new education quality assurance system in Chile. The report is a synthesis report that draws on previous work by The World Bank in the context of a two-year program of technical collaboration with the Government of Chile. As part of this collaboration, the World Bank produced two related reports, including: (i) a comparative report that analyzes the K-12 education quality assurance systems of Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Scotland to understand how quality assurance functions are distributed across central government institutions; the characteristics of these institutions; and the relationships between them; and (ii) a comparative report that analyzes how these four OECD systems have evolved over time; what lessons emerge from their experience implementing institutional reforms in the past 15 years; and what lessons emerge regarding the exercise of education quality assurance functions. In addition, the report draws on two research papers by local experts analyzing the implementation of institutional reforms in Chile s health and criminal justice sectors, as well as on an analysis of the Chilean Ministry of Education s current organizational and human resources capabilities conducted by Ministry of Education staff.
Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Adult Education --- Curriculum --- Curriculum & Instruction --- Decentralization --- Education --- Education For All --- Educational Outcomes --- Ethics --- Higher Education --- Human Development --- Investment In Education --- Leadership --- Lifelong Learning --- Primary Education --- Quality Assurance --- Quality of Education --- Reading --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Teachers
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This paper uses a prospective randomized trial to assess the impact of two school feeding schemes on health and education outcomes for children from low-income households in northern rural Burkina Faso. The two school feeding programs under consideration are, on the one hand, school meals where students are provided with lunch each school day, and, on the other hand, take-home rations that provide girls with 10 kg of cereal flour each month, conditional on 90 percent attendance rate. After running for one academic year, both programs increased girls' enrollment by 5 to 6 percentage points. While there was no observable significant impact on raw scores in mathematics, the time-adjusted scores in mathematics improved slightly for girls. The interventions caused absenteeism to increase in households that were low in child labor supply while absenteeism decreased for households that had a relatively large child labor supply, consistent with the labor constraints. Finally, for younger siblings of beneficiaries, aged between 12 and 60 months, take-home rations have increased weight-for-age by .38 standard deviations and weight-for-height by .33 standard deviations. In contrast, school meals did not have any significant impact on the nutrition of younger children.
Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Age --- Boys --- Child labor --- Children --- Children and Youth --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational outcomes --- Educational Sciences --- Enrollment --- Enrollment rates --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Girls --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human development --- Interventions --- Investment --- Nutrition --- Primary Education --- Primary school --- Primary school attendance --- Primary school fees --- School feeding programs --- Schooling --- Street Children --- Students --- Tertiary Education --- Urban Development --- Youth and Government
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Female education levels are very low in many developing countries. Does maternal education have a causal impact on children's educational outcomes even at these very low levels of education? By combining a nationwide census of schools in Pakistan with household data, the authors use the availability of girls' schools in the mother's birth village as an instrument for maternal schooling to address this issue. Since public schools in Pakistan are segregated by gender, the instrument affects only maternal education rather than the education levels of both mothers and fathers. The analysis finds that children of mothers with some education spend 75 minutes more on educational activities at home compared with children whose mothers report no education at all. Mothers with some education also spend more time helping their children with school work; the effect is stronger (an extra 40 minutes per day) in families where the mother is likely the primary care-giver. Finally, test scores for children whose mothers have some education are higher in English, Urdu (the vernacular), and mathematics by 0.24-0.35 standard deviations. There is no relationship between maternal education and mother's time spent on paid work or housework - a posited channel through which education affects bargaining power within the household. And there is no relationship between maternal education and the mother's role in educational decisions or in the provision of other child-specific goods, such as expenditures on pocket money, uniforms, and tuition. The data therefore suggest that at these very low levels of education, maternal education does not substantially affect a mother's bargaining power within the household. Instead, maternal education could directly increase the mother's productivity or affect her preferences toward children's education in a context where her bargaining power is low.
Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Benefits of education --- Early Childhood Development --- Educated mothers --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational activities --- Educational attainment --- Educational outcomes --- Female education --- Learning --- Learning environment --- Learning outcomes --- Low levels of education --- Maternal Education --- Older children --- Primary data --- Primary Education --- Primary schooling --- Public schools --- Reading --- School hours --- Schooling --- Schools --- Youth and Government
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Evaluations of educational programs commonly assume that what children learn persists over time. The authors compare learning in Pakistani public and private schools using dynamic panel methods that account for three key empirical challenges to widely used value-added models: imperfect persistence, unobserved student heterogeneity, and measurement error. Their estimates suggest that only a fifth to a half of learning persists between grades and that private schools increase average achievement by 0.25 standard deviations each year. In contrast, estimates from commonly used value-added models significantly understate the impact of private schools' on student achievement and/or overstate persistence. These results have implications for program evaluation and value-added accountability system design.
Adults --- Basic education --- Cognitive skills --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational interventions --- Educational outcomes --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- First grade --- Learning --- Level of achievement --- Primary data --- Primary Education --- Private school --- Private schools --- Public school --- Public schools --- Quality teachers --- School counterparts --- School education --- Schooling --- Secondary Education --- Student achievement --- Teacher --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education
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This paper looks at the private schooling sector in Pakistan, a country that is seriously behind schedule in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using new data, the authors document the phenomenal rise of the private sector in Pakistan and show that an increasing segment of children enrolled in private schools are from rural areas and from middle-class and poorer families. The key element in their rise is their low fees-the average fee of a rural private school in Pakistan is less than a dime a day (Rs.6). They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees. This mechanism-the need to hire teachers with a certain demographic profile so that salary costs are minimized-defines the possibility of private schools: where they arise, fees are low. It also defines their limits. Private schools are horizontally constrained in that they arise in villages where there is a pool of secondary educated women. They are also vertically constrained in that they are unlikely to cater to the secondary levels in rural areas, at least until there is an increase in the supply of potential teachers with the required skills and educational levels.
Children --- Education --- Education for All --- Education Reform and Management --- Educational Outcomes --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Enrollment --- Fees --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Disparities --- Investment --- Knowledge --- Participation --- Primary Education --- Primary Schools --- Private School --- Private Schooling --- Private Schools --- Rural Areas --- School Construction --- Secondary Education --- Skills --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Training Programs --- Women
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This paper uses a prospective randomized trial to assess the impact of two school feeding schemes on health and education outcomes for children from low-income households in northern rural Burkina Faso. The two school feeding programs under consideration are, on the one hand, school meals where students are provided with lunch each school day, and, on the other hand, take-home rations that provide girls with 10 kg of cereal flour each month, conditional on 90 percent attendance rate. After running for one academic year, both programs increased girls' enrollment by 5 to 6 percentage points. While there was no observable significant impact on raw scores in mathematics, the time-adjusted scores in mathematics improved slightly for girls. The interventions caused absenteeism to increase in households that were low in child labor supply while absenteeism decreased for households that had a relatively large child labor supply, consistent with the labor constraints. Finally, for younger siblings of beneficiaries, aged between 12 and 60 months, take-home rations have increased weight-for-age by .38 standard deviations and weight-for-height by .33 standard deviations. In contrast, school meals did not have any significant impact on the nutrition of younger children.
Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Age --- Boys --- Child labor --- Children --- Children and Youth --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational outcomes --- Educational Sciences --- Enrollment --- Enrollment rates --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Girls --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human development --- Interventions --- Investment --- Nutrition --- Primary Education --- Primary school --- Primary school attendance --- Primary school fees --- School feeding programs --- Schooling --- Street Children --- Students --- Tertiary Education --- Urban Development --- Youth and Government
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Early childhood development programs are particularly beneficial to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Effective investments in this area have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. This report explores the gaps in early education and care experienced by Roma children between the ages of 3 and 6 in Eastern Europe, and looks at measures to close those gaps. Many Roma children lack a strong early learning and care support mechanism at home. The vast majority of Roma children grow up in poverty and many regularly go hungry. Their parents have minimal levels of education. This creates multiple disadvantages from malnutrition to limited early learning stimulation. The report points to four main policy measures to increase pre-school enrollment and improve early learning at home: (1) better inform parents on the benefits of preschool for children's later life outcomes; (2) promote inclusive pre-schools by reaching out to parents and by involving them more directly in pre-school with the help of Roma teaching assistants; (3) remove cost barriers possibly coupled with regular attendance subsidies. In addition: (4) support parenting at home. These conclusions follow from the finding that the vast majority of Roma parents wish their children to complete secondary education, but that many also stated a desire to raise children at home in their early years when asked why they did not enroll their children in preschool. The report also calls for systematic piloting with variations of different programs, and implementing randomized impact evaluations. Findings from impact evaluations can build public support for scale-up of proven programs. Finally, the report points out that ensuring that poor Roma and non-Roma children alike receive an equal start in life by investing in early childhood development is essential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and is also smart economics.
Academic Community --- Child Care --- Child Development --- Cognitive Development --- Early Childhood --- Early Childhood Development --- Early Childhood Education --- Education --- Education For All --- Educational Attainment --- Educational Outcomes --- Enrollment Rates --- Gender --- Infancy --- Literacy --- Malnutrition --- Mental Health --- Nutrition --- Primary Education --- Reading --- School Attendance --- Secondary Education --- Social Development --- Social Skills --- Teacher Training --- Unemployment --- Violence --- Vulnerable Groups --- Youth
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