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Educators believe that they are adequately preparing youth for the labor market while at the same time employers lament the students' lack of skills. A possible source of the mismatch in perceptions is that employers and educators have different understandings of the types of skills valued in the labor market. Using economics and psychology literature to define four skills sets-socio-emotional, higher-order cognitive, basic cognitive, and technical-this paper reviews the literature that quantitatively measures employer skill emand, as reported in a preference survey. A sample of 27 studies reveals remarkable consistency across the world in the skills demanded by employers. While employers value all skill sets, there is a greater demand for socio-emotional skills and higher-order cognitive skills than for basic cognitive or technical skills. These results are robust across region, industry, occupation, and education level. Employers perceive that the greatest skills gaps are in socio-emotional and higher-order cognitive skills. These findings suggest the need to re-conceptualize the public sector's role in preparing children for a future labor market. Namely, technical training is not equivalent to job training; instead, a broad range of skills, many of which are best taught long before labor market entry, should be included in school curricula from the earliest ages. The skills most demanded by employers-higher-order cognitive skills and socio-emotional skills-are largely learned or refined in adolescence, arguing for a general education well into secondary school until these skills are formed. Finally, the public sector can provide programming and incentives to non-school actors, namely parents and employers, to encourage them to invest in the skills evelopment process. Skills, labor demand, cognitive, non-cognitive, behavioral skills, competences, employer surveys, skills policy, education policy, training policy.

Ability. --- Academic Learning. --- Access and Equity in Basic Education. --- Achievement. --- Adolescence. --- Adolescents. --- Adult Literacy. --- Adults. --- Applied Skills. --- Attitudes. --- Basic Knowledge. --- Basic Literacy. --- Basic Numeracy. --- Basic Skills. --- Body Language. --- Caregivers. --- Child Development. --- Childhood Evelopment. --- Children. --- Classroom. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive Development. --- Cognitive Skills. --- Cognitive Test. --- Communication. --- Computer Literacy. --- Computer Skills. --- Concepts. --- Creativity. --- Critical Thinking. --- Curricula. --- Curriculum. --- Decision Making. --- Developmental Psychology. --- Disadvantaged Children. --- Early Childhood Development. --- Early Childhood. --- Early Enrichment. --- Early Stimulation. --- Educated Workers. --- Education for All. --- Education Institutions. --- Education Policy. --- Education Providers. --- Education Sector. --- Education System. --- Education. --- Educational Achievement. --- Educational Infrastructure. --- Educational Sciences. --- Educators. --- Effective Schools and Teachers. --- Effort. --- Elementary School. --- Emotional Development. --- Ethics. --- Exams. --- Experience. --- General Education. --- Girls. --- Global Education. --- Groups. --- Head Start. --- High School. --- Higher Education Institutions. --- Higher Education. --- Human Development. --- Information Processing. --- Instruction. --- Intelligence. --- Interventions. --- Investment. --- Job Training. --- Knowledge. --- Language. --- Leadership. --- Learning Outcomes. --- Learning. --- Levels of Education. --- Life Skills. --- Literacy Survey. --- Literacy. --- Memory. --- Needs. --- New Entrants. --- Numeracy. --- Nutrition. --- Oral Communication. --- Participation. --- Pedagogical Methods. --- Perception. --- Performance. --- Personality Traits. --- Personality. --- Preschool Education. --- Primary Data. --- Primary Education. --- Primary School. --- Primary Schooling. --- Problem Solving. --- Professional Knowledge. --- Psychology. --- Reasoning. --- Regional Education. --- School Activities. --- School Climate. --- School Clubs. --- School Curricula. --- School Curriculum. --- School Improvement. --- School Schools. --- School Setting. --- School. --- Schooling. --- Schools. --- Science. --- Secondary Education. --- Secondary School. --- Skill Acquisition. --- Skill Evelopment. --- Skilled Workers. --- Skills Acquisition. --- Skills Evelopment. --- Skills for Employment. --- Skills. --- Students. --- Study. --- Teacher Qualifications. --- Teacher. --- Teaching Methods. --- Teaching. --- Thinking. --- Training Programs. --- Training. --- Understanding. --- Values. --- Vocational Education. --- Women. --- Work Experience. --- Writing. --- Youth.

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Franklin Murphy? It's not a name that is widely known; even during his lifetime the public knew little of him. But for nearly thirty years, Murphy was the dominant figure in the cultural development of Los Angeles. Behind the scenes, Murphy used his role as confidant, family friend, and advisor to the founders and scions of some of America's greatest fortunes-Ahmanson, Rockefeller, Ford, Mellon, and Annenberg-to direct the largesse of the wealthy into cultural institutions of his choosing. In this first full biography of Franklin D. Murphy (1916-994), Margaret Leslie Davis delivers the compelling story of how Murphy, as chancellor of UCLA and later as chief executive of the Times Mirror media empire, was able to influence academia, the media, and cultural foundations to reshape a fundamentally provincial city. The Culture Broker brings to light the influence of L.A.'s powerful families and chronicles the mixed motives behind large public endeavors. Channeling more than one billion dollars into the city's arts and educational infrastructure, Franklin Murphy elevated Los Angeles to a vibrant world-class city positioned for its role in the new era of global trade and cross-cultural arts.

Arts. --- Charities. --- Cosmopolitanism. --- Murphy, Franklin D. --- Museums. --- Arts --- Museums --- Cosmopolitanism --- Charities --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- Education --- History & Archaeology --- Social Sciences --- United States Local History --- Educational Institutions --- History --- Murphy, Franklin D., --- University of California, Los Angeles --- Times Mirror Company --- Officials and employees --- Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Cultural policy. --- Civilization --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Occidental --- Arts, Western --- Fine arts --- Societies, etc. --- Times Mirror Co. --- Times Mirror (Firm) --- UCLA --- Los Anheles (Calif.) --- Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula (Calif.) --- Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula (Calif.) --- Tʻien-shih-chih-chʻeng (Calif.) --- Tianshizhicheng (Calif.) --- Los Andzsheles (Calif.) --- Lo-shan-chi (Calif.) --- Loshanji (Calif.) --- Angeles (Calif.) --- Ciudad de Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Pueblo de Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Pueblo Los Angeles (Calif.) --- City of Los Angeles (Calif.) --- LA (Calif.) --- L.A. (Calif.) --- City of Angels (Calif.) --- لوس أنجلوس (Calif.) --- Lūs Anjilūs (Calif.) --- Los Anceles (Calif.) --- Горад Лос-Анджэлес (Calif.) --- Horad Los-Andz︠h︡ėles (Calif.) --- Лос-Анджэлес (Calif.) --- Los-Andz︠h︡ėles (Calif.) --- Лос Анджелис (Calif.) --- Los Andzhelis (Calif.) --- Λος ̕Αντζελες (Calif.) --- Los Antzeles (Calif.) --- Los-Anĝeleso (Calif.) --- 로스앤젤레스 (Calif.) --- Losŭ Aenjellesŭ (Calif.) --- לוס אנג'לס (Calif.) --- Angelopolis (Calif.) --- Losandželosa (Calif.) --- Los Andželas (Calif.) --- Лос Анџелес (Calif.) --- Los Andželes (Calif.) --- ロサンゼルス (Calif.) --- Rosanzerusu (Calif.) --- ロサンゼルス市 (Calif.) --- Rosanzerusu-shi (Calif.) --- Los Anjeles (Calif.) --- Лос Андьелес (Calif.) --- Los Andʹeles (Calif.) --- Los Anxheles (Calif.) --- Лос Анђелес (Calif.) --- Our Lady Queen of the Angels (Calif.) --- Los Angeles City (Calif.) --- La La Land (Calif.) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- Social service --- Endowments --- Political science --- Internationalism --- Public institutions --- Cabinets of curiosities --- Humanities --- Services for --- Λος Αντζελες (Calif.) --- California. University of California, Los Angeles --- Kaliforniĭskiĭ universitet (Los-Andzheles, SShA) --- Lo-shan-chi Chia-chou ta hsüeh --- UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) --- University of California at Los Angeles --- University of California (Los Angeles, USA) --- University of California (System). University of California, Los Angeles --- University of California (System) --- University of California (1868-1952). Southern Branch --- Arts, Primitive --- Murphy, Franklin David, --- academia. --- ahmanson. --- angeles county museum. --- annenberg. --- california history. --- california university system. --- california. --- chancellor. --- college. --- cultural development. --- educational infrastructure. --- ford. --- franklin murphy. --- higher education. --- industrial revolution. --- industry. --- los angeles. --- media. --- mellon. --- newspaper. --- nonfiction. --- robber barons. --- rockefeller. --- times mirror. --- ucla. --- university. --- urban development. --- wealth.