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The principal cause of the 1930s depression in Southeast Asia lay outside the region-through a sharp contraction in demand for the region's major commodity exports. But it had important internal causes, too: an oversupply of primary commodities and an increasing scarcity of new agricultural land leading to higher rents and lower wages, rising indebtedness and increasing landlessness. This work thoroughly analyses the pre-war depression. It also looks at the changes in the basic structures of the economies of Southeast Asia that were of long-term importance, such as the role of the state in the economy. The authors also draw similarities and contrasts between the 1930s depression and the 1990s Asian crisis. Contributors are Peter Boomgaard, Anne Booth, Pierre Brocheux, Ian Brown, William G. Clarence-Smith, Daniel F. Doeppers, Paul H. Kratoska, J. Thomas Lindblad, Sompop Manarungsan, S. Nawiyanto, Irene Norlund, Jeroen Touwen, and Willem Wolters. Co-published with ISEAS, Singapore.
Economic development --- Economic history --- Economical crises
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The causes of the Asian economic crisis have been the subject of fierce debates among economists, yet little is known about the impact on employment and wellbeing. In Indonesia, the worst affected country, the malaise turned into a political and societal upheaval which brought an end to the New Order regime. Based on anthropological fieldwork in two villages along the coast of West Java, the monograph discusses the repercussions for work and welfare in the rural hinterland. The authors criticize the policies of the government of Indonesia as well as those of other transnational agencies on what has happened and what should be done. Their micro-study on socio-economic dynamics in two localities, researched in a longitudinal perspective, argues that since the start of the crisis the poverty level, then already much higher than officially conceded, rose to include more than half of all households. In contrast to the received wisdom that the village still functions as a community, the crisis has widened the gap between the rural rich and poor. The fieldwork findings are held to justify conclusions for areas with similar structural characteristics: densely populated, with a highly skewed pattern of land distribution, long-distance labour circulation between city and countryside and involving a substantial part of the total workforce, especially the landpoor and the landless.
Economic history --- Economical crises --- Rural conditions --- Social conditions --- Villages --- Java
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