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Essays exploring the opportunities for and challenges to the discipline of English language and literature in education.
English literature --- Study and teaching. --- Creative Writing. --- Cultural Role. --- Culture. --- Diversity. --- Economic Well-being. --- Education. --- English Literature. --- Intellectual Strength. --- Language. --- Literary Scholarship. --- Synergies.
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Physical height is an important economic variable reflecting health and human capital. Puzzlingly, however, differences in average height across developing countries are not well explained by differences in wealth. In particular, children in India are shorter, on average, than children in Africa who are poorer, on average, a paradox called "the Asian enigma" which has received much attention from economists. This paper provides the first documentation of a quantitatively important gradient between child height and sanitation that can statistically explain a large fraction of international height differences. This association between sanitation and human capital is robustly stable, even after accounting for other heterogeneity, such as in GDP. The author applies three complementary empirical strategies to identify the association between sanitation and child height: country-level regressions across 140 country-years in 65 developing countries; within-country analysis of differences over time within Indian districts; and econometric decomposition of the India-Africa height differences in child-level data. Open defecation, which is exceptionally widespread in India, can account for much or all of the excess stunting in India.
Child height --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Econometric decomposition --- Economic well-being --- Fecal germs --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Population Policies --- Sanitation coverage --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Youth and Governance
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The COVID-19 pandemic and its negative economic effects create a need for timely data and evidence to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis. To monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures on formal firms in Ethiopia and inform the policy response, the World Bank, in collaboration with the government, is implementing a high-frequency phone survey of firms (HFPS-F). The HFPS-F interviews a sample of firms in Addis Ababa every three weeks for a total of eight survey rounds. This high-frequency follow-up allows for a better understanding of the effects of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on firm operations, hiring and firing, and expectations of future operations and labor demand in order to better tailor and implement interventions and policy responses and monitor their effects.
Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Economic Well-Being --- Gender --- Gender and Economics --- Inequality --- Labor Markets --- Layoffs --- Microenterprises --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises --- Social Protections and Labor
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Since early 2012, the World Bank's High Frequency South Sudan Survey has collected a panel data set to monitor the welfare and perceptions of citizens in a selected number of state capitals in South Sudan. This note presents the findings of all six rounds of the survey on the topics of (1) Security, (2) Economic Conditions, (3) Assets and Consumption, and (4) Access to Services. The results are based on 143 households in Juba, Wau and Rumbek revisited six times. The analysis is restricted to households present in all rounds and, thus, is not statistically representative but only provides a descriptive narrative of the livelihood of the selected urban households in Juba, Rumbek and Wau. These cities are not among the cities most affected by the conflict.
Cities --- Communities --- Conflict and Development --- Consumption --- Economic Management --- Economic Well-Being --- Equality --- Expenditures --- Gender --- Health --- Household Consumption --- Household Size --- Household Spending --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Income Tax --- Inflation --- Land --- Local Government --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Other Economic Management --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty Strategy, analysis and Monitoring --- Productivity --- Remittances --- Savings --- Social Dev/Gender/Inclusion --- Social Protection and Risk Management --- Social Safety Nets --- Taxes --- Urban Areas
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Since early 2012, the World Bank's High Frequency South Sudan Survey has collected a panel data set to monitor the welfare and perceptions of citizens in a selected number of state capitals in South Sudan. This note presents the findings of all six rounds of the survey on the topics of (1) Security, (2) Economic Conditions, (3) Assets and Consumption, and (4) Access to Services. The results are based on 143 households in Juba, Wau and Rumbek revisited six times. The analysis is restricted to households present in all rounds and, thus, is not statistically representative but only provides a descriptive narrative of the livelihood of the selected urban households in Juba, Rumbek and Wau. These cities are not among the cities most affected by the conflict.
Cities --- Communities --- Conflict and Development --- Consumption --- Economic Management --- Economic Well-Being --- Equality --- Expenditures --- Gender --- Health --- Household Consumption --- Household Size --- Household Spending --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Income Tax --- Inflation --- Land --- Local Government --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Other Economic Management --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty Strategy, analysis and Monitoring --- Productivity --- Remittances --- Savings --- Social Dev/Gender/Inclusion --- Social Protection and Risk Management --- Social Safety Nets --- Taxes --- Urban Areas
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This new edition examines some of the philosophical and theoretical issues underlying the 'democratic project' which increasingly dominates the fields of comparative development and international relations. The first concern presented here is normative and epistemological: as democracy becomes more widely accepted as the political currency of legitimacy, the more broadly it is defined. But as agreement decreases regarding the definition of democracy, the less we are able to evaluate how it is working, or indeed whether it is working at all.The second issue is causal: what are the claims being
Democracy. --- Democracy -- Philosophy. --- Democracy --- World politics --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Theory of the State --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- civil society. --- comparative development. --- democratic norms. --- democratic system. --- democratic theory. --- democratization debates. --- developing states. --- economic well-being. --- globalization of democracy. --- legitimacy. --- philosophical ideals. --- political obstacles. --- political strategy. --- robust democracy.
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Portrait of America describes our nation's changing population and examines through a demographic lens some of our most pressing contemporary challenges, ranging from poverty and economic inequality to racial tensions and health disparities. Celebrated author John Iceland covers various topics, including America's historical demographic growth; the American family today; gender inequality; economic well-being; immigration and diversity; racial and ethnic inequality; internal migration and residential segregation; and health and mortality. The discussion of these topics is informed by several sources, including an examination of household survey data, and by syntheses of existing published material, both quantitative and qualitative. Iceland discusses the current issues and controversies around these themes, highlighting their role in everyday debates taking place in Congress, the media, and in American living rooms. Each chapter includes historical background, as well as a discussion of how patterns and trends in the United States compare to those in peer countries.
United States -- Description and travel. --- United States -- History. --- United States -- Social life and customs. --- Families --- Equality --- Immigrants --- Race discrimination --- Poverty --- Business & Economics --- Demography --- Social conditions --- Social conditions. --- United States --- Population. --- Families -- United States.. --- Equality -- United States.. --- Immigrants -- United States -- Social conditions.. --- Race discrimination -- United States.. --- Poverty -- United States.. --- United States -- Population. --- 21st century american culture. --- american family. --- american studies. --- changing population. --- contemporary challenges. --- democracy. --- discrimination. --- diversity. --- economic inequality. --- economic well being. --- ethnic inequality. --- family. --- gender inequality. --- health disparities. --- health. --- historical demographic growth. --- historical. --- history. --- immigration. --- inequality. --- internal migration. --- political. --- poverty. --- racial inequality. --- racial tensions. --- residential segregation. --- sociology in the twenty-first century series. --- sociology. --- united states of america.
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This volume addresses the current debate on extended working life policy by considering the influence of gender and health on the experiences of older workers. Bringing together an international team of scholars, it tackles issues as gender, health status and job/ occupational characteristics that structure the capacity and outcomes associated with working longer. The volume starts with an overview of the empirical and policy literature; continues with a discussion of the relevant theoretical perspectives; includes a section on available data and indicators; followed by 25 very concise and unique country reports that highlight the main extended working life (EWL) research findings and policy trajectories at the national level. It identifies future directions for research and addresses issues associated with effective policy-making. This volume fills an important gap in the knowledge of the consequences of EWL and it will be an invaluable source for both researchers and policy makers. .
Social policy. --- Industrial sociology. --- Employee health promotion. --- Aging. --- Sociology. --- Social Policy. --- Sociology of Work. --- Employee Health and Wellbeing. --- Gender Studies. --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Employee wellness programs --- Employees --- Health promotion in the workplace --- Occupational health promotion --- Workplace health promotion --- Worksite health promotion --- Health promotion --- Occupational health services --- Sociology --- Industrial organization --- Industries --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Physiological effect --- Social aspects --- Social Policy --- Sociology of Work --- Employee Health and Wellbeing --- Aging --- Gender Studies --- Human Resource Management --- Extended Working Life (EWL) --- Influences of Gender and Health on EWL --- Foundation for Evidence-Based Policymaking --- Extended Working Life Debate --- Gender and Health of Older Workers --- Extended Working Life and Pension Policies --- Introduction of Extended Working Life (EWL) Policies --- Europe and Dealing with Extending the Working Life --- Extended Working Life Under Neoliberal Societal Change --- Indicators for Health and Socio-Economic Well-Being --- Implications for Well-Being in a Gender Perspective --- Extended Working Life and Employment Policies --- Extended Working Life and Health Policies --- Precarious Emplyment and Improving Policies --- Open Access --- Political economy --- Social & ethical issues --- Sociology: work & labour --- Personnel & human resources management --- Age groups: the elderly --- Age groups: adults --- Gender studies, gender groups
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The world has become increasingly separated into the haves and have-nots. In The Culture of Contentment, renowned economist John Kenneth Galbraith shows how a contented class-not the privileged few but the socially and economically advantaged majority-defend their comfortable status at a cost. Middle-class voting against regulation and increased taxation that would remedy pressing social ills has created a culture of immediate gratification, leading to complacency and hampering long-term progress. Only economic disaster, military action, or the eruption of an angry underclass seem capable of changing the status quo. A groundbreaking critique, The Culture of Contentment shows how the complacent majority captures the political process and determines economic policy.
Free enterprise --- Poor --- Social values. --- Since 1980 --- United States --- United States. --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Foreign relations --- Adam Smith. --- Communism. --- Contented Electoral Majority. --- Contented Majority. --- Democratic Party. --- Eastern Europe. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- New Deal. --- Republican Party. --- Ronald Reagan. --- Western Europe. --- acquisitions. --- arms buildup. --- bureaucracy. --- bureaucratic syndrome. --- capitalism. --- common purpose. --- communism. --- complacency. --- consumers. --- contentment. --- corporations. --- costs. --- crime. --- defense spending. --- democracy. --- depression. --- economic accommodation. --- economic advantage. --- economic discomfort. --- economic life. --- economic policies. --- economic power. --- economic well-being. --- economically advantaged. --- economics. --- effective demand. --- electoral politics. --- external authority. --- financial devastation. --- fiscal policy. --- foreign policy. --- functional underclass. --- government. --- have nots. --- haves. --- immediate gratification. --- immigrants. --- incomes. --- industrial economy. --- inflation. --- inner cities. --- international relations. --- laissez faire. --- loan scandal. --- macroeconomic policy. --- macroeconomic regulation. --- media. --- mergers. --- middle-class voting. --- military action. --- military power. --- military spending. --- military. --- monetarism. --- monetary policy. --- money. --- organization power. --- political behavior. --- political economy. --- politics of contentment. --- politics. --- poor. --- private sector. --- public budget. --- public expenditures. --- public services. --- purchasing power. --- recession. --- recreation. --- regulation. --- resentment. --- savings scandal. --- security. --- self-regard. --- social advantage. --- social disorder. --- social exclusion. --- social unrest. --- socially advantaged. --- supply-side economics. --- tax policy. --- tax reductions. --- taxation. --- the poor. --- thought. --- time. --- underclass revolt. --- underclass. --- urban slums. --- violence. --- war. --- wealth. --- welfare state. --- well-being.
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