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Nations and international organizations are increasingly using sanctions as a means to achieve their foreign policy aims. However, sanctions are ineffective if they are executed without a clear strategy responsive to the nature and changing behavior of the target. The author offers here a much-needed practical framework for planning and applying sanctions that focuses not just on the initial sanctions strategy but also, crucially, on how to calibrate along the way and how to decide when sanctions have achieved maximum effectiveness. He develops guidelines for interpreting targets' responses to sanctions based on two critical factors : pain and resolve. The efficacy of sanctions lies in the application of pain against a target, but targets may have significant resolve to resist, tolerate, or overcome this pain. Understanding the interplay of pain and resolve is central to using sanctions both successfully and humanely. With attention to these two key variables, and to how they change over the course of a sanctions regime, policymakers can pinpoint when diplomatic intervention is likely to succeed or when escalation is necessary. Focusing on lessons learned from sanctions on both Iran and Iraq, the author provides policymakers with practical guidance on how to measure and respond to pain and resolve in the service of strong and successful sanctions regimes.

ECONOMIC SANCTIONS --- ECONOMIC SANCTIONS--IRAN --- ECONOMIC SANCTIONS--IRAQ --- Economic sanctions --- Economic sanctions. --- International economic relations. --- International relations.

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Persian Gulf War, 1991 --- Economic sanctions --- -Persian Gulf War, 1991 --- -341.65 <567> --- 341.123 UNO --- Desert Storm, Operation, 1991 --- Gulf War, 1991 --- Operation Desert Storm, 1991 --- War in the Gulf, 1991 --- Iraq-Kuwait Crisis, 1990-1991 --- Sanctions, Economic --- Economic policy --- Sanctions (International law) --- International economic relations --- Law and legislation --- 341.65 <567> --- Iraq --- Embargo --- Geopolitics --- Persian Gulf War, 1991 - Iraq --- Economic sanctions - Iraq

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Human rights --- Crimes against humanity --- War victims --- War (International law) --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Crimes contre l'humanité --- Victimes de guerre --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Congresses --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Congrès --- Droit --- Persian Gulf War, 1991 --- Intervention (International law) --- Economic sanctions --- Minorities --- Atrocities --- Congresses. --- Crimes contre l'humanité --- Congrès --- Human rights - Congresses --- Persian Gulf War, 1991 - Congresses --- War (International law) - Congresses --- Intervention (International law) - Congresses --- Economic sanctions - Iraq - Congresses --- Minorities - Legal status, laws, etc. - Iraq --- Persian Gulf War, 1991 - Atrocities - Congresses

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At a time when the international community is again threatening some countries with sanctions, this book comes as a warning. It should be mandatory reading for all those politicians and their foreign-policy advisors who continue to consider sanctions an effective form of policy. The author not only offers us a critical, lucid, and well-informed survey of political developments in Iraq, but also a heart-rending account of the suffering of the Iraqi people. It was they who bore the brunt of the 13-year's sanctions, while the members of Saddam's regime continued to live in luxury and accumulate

ECONOMIC SANCTIONS--IRAQ --- SANCTIONS (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- UNITED NATIONS--SANCTIONS --- Economic sanctions --- Sanctions (International law) --- International sanctions (International law) --- Penalties (International law) --- International law --- United Nations --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Sanctions --- Iraq --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations --- International relations. --- Iraq. --- Oil for Food. --- Russia. --- UN sanctions. --- UN. --- US foreign policy. --- Ukraine. --- United Nations Sanctions. --- foreign policy. --- no-fly zone. --- political science. --- sanctions. --- united nations.