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The future prosperity of most people of the Middle-East and North Africa-and the social cohesion of their countries-rests in great part on the ability of governments to enable the private sector to respond to this job creation challenge. This is what this report is about. It is about enabling the new generations of entrepreneurs that have emerged over the past years all across the region to play a bigger role in the growth of their countries. It is also about encouraging more investors to believe in the prospects of the region and trusting that business-friendly policy reforms will benefit the
Economic development -- Africa, North. --- Economic development -- Middle East. --- Public-private sector cooperation -- Africa, North. --- Public-private sector cooperation -- Middle East. --- Economic development --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Private-public partnerships --- Private-public sector cooperation --- Public-private partnerships --- Public-private sector collaboration --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Cooperation --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse
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To what degree are trade liberalization, productivity, and economic growth correlated? Can economic policies designed to encourage competition and curtail industry protection result in large-scale improvements, such as increased innovation and reduced unemployment? After 20 years of economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), economic performance is still lagging behind many regions of the world. Even in those countries that are the most advanced in implementing reforms, including Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, industries with low productivity growth and high market power continue to dominate. Moreover, the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement and the negotiations concerning further liberalization of trade in agricultural products (under the framework of the World Trade Organization) put these and other countries under pressure of fierce competition from emerging nations. Recent empirical evidence on the impact of reforms in a number of developing countries shows that such persistence of inefficiency and market power is specific to MENA. Showcasing in-depth analyses from Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey (with comparative data from Asia and Latin America), this book focuses on the dynamics of firm entry and exit to help explain the low productivity of the region. The results suggest a number of policy recommendations designed to foster competition, which, in turn, would contribute to innovation, productivity growth, and improved return on capital investments. The book not only reveals important correlations among policy and market factors in MENA, but suggests fruitful areas of research in other developing regions of the world.
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Foreign trade policy --- Middle East --- Turkey --- North Africa --- Economic development --- Industrial productivity --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic development - Africa, North. --- Economic development - Middle East. --- Industrial productivity - Africa, North. --- Industrial productivity - Middle East.
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MENA is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources: it holds more than 60 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, mostly located in the Gulf region, and nearly half of gas reserves. Oil represents 80-85 percent of merchandise exports in the region, making it highly depending on fluctuations in international prices. A long strand of economic literature has suggested that such dependence may hurt a country's growth prospects and the scope for job creation by reducing economic diversification. This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of
Diversification in industry -- Africa, North. --- Diversification in industry -- Middle East. --- Economic development -- Africa, North. --- Economic development -- Middle East. --- Industrial policy -- Africa, North. --- Industrial policy -- Middle East. --- Natural resources -- Government policy -- Africa, North. --- Natural resources -- Government policy -- Middle East. --- Economic development --- Natural resources --- Industrial policy --- Diversification in industry --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Government policy --- Industrial diversification --- Product diversification --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic aspects --- Input-output analysis --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) --- Multiproduct firms --- Economic policy --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics
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The estimated spillover of the global crisis to emerging market (EM) economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) indicates that nearly two-thirds of the increased financial stress in MENA EM countries after the Lehman shock is attributable to direct or indirect spillovers of financial stress in advanced economies. Moreover, the estimated models suggest that the increased financial stress and slowdown in economic activity in advanced economies can explain about half of the drop in real GDP growth in MENA EM countries after the Lehman shock.
Economic development -- Middle East -- Econometric models. --- Financial crises -- Middle East -- Econometric models. --- Global financial crisis, 2008-2009. --- Middle East -- Economic conditions -- 21st century -- Econometric models. --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Financial crises --- Econometrics --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- General Outlook and Conditions --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Estimation --- Externalities --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Financial Crises --- Finance --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial soundness indicators --- Estimation techniques --- Spillovers --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Econometric analysis --- Financial markets --- Financial services industry --- Econometric models --- International finance --- Egypt, Arab Republic of --- Economic development --- Econometric models. --- Middle East --- Economic conditions
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