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The book focuses on the sustainability of economic growth in a changing environment, under the effects of global warming, dwindling energy resources, and technological change. It also provides explanations for significant fluctuations in countries' growth rates. The results are derived from historical evidence on economic growth in relation to environmental policy, technological change, development of transport infrastructure, population issues, and environmental mortality. The rigorous analysis of theoretical and applied aspects reveals important policy implications for optimal investment, optimal timing of abatement activities, and for an optimal balancing of economic growth with environmental concerns.

Economics/Management Science. --- Economic Theory. --- Economic Growth. --- Environmental Economics. --- Systems Theory, Control. --- Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences. --- Public Finance & Economics. --- Economics. --- Mathematics. --- Systems theory. --- Endogenous growth (Economics). --- Finance. --- Environmental economics. --- Economie politique --- Mathématiques --- Croissance endogène (Economie politique) --- Finances --- Economie de l'environnement --- Economic development --- Environmental economics --- Environmental policy --- Econometric models --- Mathematical models --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Economic development - Econometric models --- Environmental economics - Mathematical models --- Economic development - Environmental aspects --- Environmental policy - Economic aspects

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This book looks at the distribution of income and wealth and the effects that this has on the macroeconomy, and vice versa. Is a more equal distribution of income beneficial or harmful for macroeconomic growth, and how does the distribution of wealth evolve in a market economy? Taking stock of results and methods developed in the context of the 1990's revival of growth theory, the authors focus on capital accumulation and long-run growth. They show how rigorous, optimization-based technical tools can be applied, beyond the representative-agent framework of analysis, to account for realistic market imperfections and for political-economic interactions. The treatment is thorough, yet accessible to students and nonspecialist economists, and it offers specialist readers a wide-ranging and innovative treatment of an increasingly important research field. The book follows a single analytical thread through a series of different growth models, allowing readers to appreciate their structure and crucial assumptions. This is particularly useful at a time when the literature on income distribution and growth has developed quickly and in several different directions, becoming difficult to overview.

-Equality --- -339.20151 --- Economic development --- Equality --- Income distribution --- Wealth --- 339.20151 --- 330.56 --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- 330.56 Nationaal inkomen. Volksinkomen. Gezinsinkomen. Vermogensstratificatie. Particuliere inkomens en bestedingen. Armoede. Honger --- Nationaal inkomen. Volksinkomen. Gezinsinkomen. Vermogensstratificatie. Particuliere inkomens en bestedingen. Armoede. Honger --- Econometric models --- E-books --- Econometric models. --- Income distribution - Econometric models --- Economic development - Econometric models --- Wealth - Econometric models --- Equality - Econometric models

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This paper explores the impact of high public debt on long-run economic growth. The analysis, based on a panel of advanced and emerging economies over almost four decades, takes into account a broad range of determinants of growth as well as various estimation issues including reverse causality and endogeneity. In addition, threshold effects, nonlinearities, and differences between advanced and emerging market economies are examined. The empirical results suggest an inverse relationship between initial debt and subsequent growth, controlling for other determinants of growth: on average, a 10 percentage point increase in the initial debt-to-GDP ratio is associated with a slowdown in annual real per capita GDP growth of around 0.2 percentage points per year, with the impact being somewhat smaller in advanced economies. There is some evidence of nonlinearity with higher levels of initial debt having a proportionately larger negative effect on subsequent growth. Analysis of the components of growth suggests that the adverse effect largely reflects a slowdown in labor productivity growth mainly due to reduced investment and slower growth of capital stock.

Debts, Public--Econometric models. --- Economic development--Econometric models. --- Econometrics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Estimation --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Public debt --- Public expenditure review --- Government debt management --- Total factor productivity --- Estimation techniques --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Industrial productivity --- Econometric models --- United States --- Debts, Public. --- Economic development --- Econometric models.

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An influential theoretical literature has observed that economic diversification can reduce risk and increase financial development. But causality operates in both directions, as a well functioning financial system can enable a society to invest in more productive but risky projects, thereby determining the degree of economic diversification. Thus, ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates of the impact of economic diversification on financial development are likely to be biased. Motivated by the economic geography literature, this paper uses instruments derived from topographical characteristics to estimate the impact of economic diversification on the development of finance. The fourth estimates suggest a large and robust role for diversification in shaping financial development. And these results imply that, by impeding financial sector development, the concentration of economic activity common in developing countries can adversely affect financial and economic development.

Economic development -- Econometric models. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Finance -- Econometric models. --- Economic development --- Finance --- Econometric models. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Demography --- Industrialization --- Manufacturing and Service Industries --- Choice of Technology --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Demographic Economics: General --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Economic Development: General --- Banking --- Population & demography --- Manufacturing industries --- Economic growth --- Financial sector development --- Bank deposits --- Population and demographics --- Manufacturing --- Financial markets --- Financial services --- Economic sectors --- Financial services industry --- Banks and banking --- Population --- South Africa

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This paper examines how growth has varied across India's states. It finds that (i) the income gap between rich and poor states has widened; (ii) rich and faster-growing states have been more effective in reducing poverty; (iii) poor and slower-growing states have had little success in generating private sector jobs; (iv) labor and capital flows do little to close income gaps; and (v) the volatility in economic growth is greatest in poor states. Differences in states' policies affect the cross-state pattern of growth. Greater private sector investment, smaller governments, and better institutions are found to have a positive impact on growth.

Economic development -- Econometric models. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- India -- Economic policy. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Economic development --- Econometric models. --- India --- Economic policy. --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Social Services and Welfare --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Labor Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Social welfare & social services --- Poverty & precarity --- Personal income --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty --- Income --- Labor economics --- Economic theory --- Income economics