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Le boom des ressources naturelles en Afrique a tire la croissance danstoute la region, sans contribuer de maniere substantielle a ameliorer lebien-etre et les moyens de subsistance des citoyens. Les personnes vivantdans les pays africains richement dotes en ressources naturelles sontmoins alphabetisees de 3 %, ont une esperance de vie plus faible de 4,5ans et affichent des taux de malnutrition plus eleves chez les femmes etles enfants que dans les pays de la region n'ayant pas de ressourcesnaturelles. Cette lenteur dans la reduction de la pauvrete est souventattribuee a la croissance economique tiree par les ressources naturelles -la denommee malediction des ressources naturelles. Au-dela de l'impactglobal, les communautes vivant a proximite des centres minierssouffrent-elles egalement d'une malediction des ressources naturelles ?L'exploitation miniere en Afrique - Les communautes locales en tirent-ellesparti ? examine comment l'exploitation aurifere a grande echelle danstrois pays - le Ghana, le Mali et la Tanzanie - affecte les moyens desubsistance et les communautes locales. L'analyse et les resultats desauteurs concluent qu'en moyenne, les communautes minieres beneficientd'avantages sociaux positifs bien que limites. L'etude definit trois grandscanaux - marche, fiscal et environnemental - pouvant affecter les localites.Les auteurs appliquent ce cadre d'analyse a l'exploitation aurifere agrande echelle dans les trois pays de l'etude et ils utilisent des methodeseconometriques solides pour evaluer ces effets au niveau local.Si le defi de l'extraction des ressources naturelles est traite dans toutes sesdimensions, des pistes pour une prosperite partagee et une meilleureegalite peuvent etre ouvertes, creant ainsi une vie meilleure pour lesfamilles et ameliorant les perspectives des pays dans lesquels elles vivent.Ce livre a pour objectif d'eclairer les politiques publiques et lecomportement des entreprises concernant le bien-etre des communautessituees a proximite des sites d'extraction et les opportunites que l'activiteminiere peut leur offrir.

Gold Mining and Agriculture --- Growth Model and Results --- Local Impacts of Resource Abundance --- Remote Sensing and Economic Activities --- Socioeconomic Effects of Large-Scale Mining

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What policies encourage firms to become formal? The standard approach emphasizes reducing the costs of compliance with government regulation. This is unlikely to be sufficient. Instead we need to understand compliance as a function not only of firm-level costs and benefits but also in terms of the interaction between the firm and its competitors and between the firm and the state. This paper emphasizes the coordination and credibility issues involved in promoting formalization and discusses possible institutional solutions, among them business associations that make the benefits of membership dependent on compliance, information sharing arrangements among government agencies and improvements in the quality of public management.

Access to Finance --- Business associations --- E-Business --- Economic activities --- Emerging Markets --- Entrepreneurs --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Government intervention --- Information sharing --- Microfinance --- Private enterprise --- Private Sector Development --- Public policy --- Small businesses --- Small enterprise --- Union

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The authors investigate the relationship between the productivity of African manufacturing firms and their access to services inputs. They use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for over 1,000 firms in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries to calculate the total factor productivity of firms. The Enterprise Surveys also contain unique measures of firms' access to communications, electricity, and financial services. The availability of these measures at the firm level, both as subjective and objective indicators, allows the authors to exploit the variation in services performance at the subnational regional level. Furthermore, by using the regional variation in services performance, they are also able to address concerns about the possible endogeneity of the services variables. The results show a significant and positive relationship between firm productivity and service performance in all three services sectors analyzed. The authors thus provide support for the argument that improvements in services industries contribute to enhancing the performance of downstream economic activities, and thus are an essential element of a strategy for promoting growth and reducing poverty.

Access To Services --- Communications --- Data --- E-Business --- Economic Activities --- Economic Theory and Research --- Electricity --- Electronic Delivery --- Enterprise Survey --- Enterprise Surveys --- Export Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Financial Services --- Information --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Manufacturing --- Microfinance --- Performance --- Prices --- Private Sector Development --- Production Process --- Productivity --- Result --- Results --- Telecommunication --- Telecommunications

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Over the past three decades, economic sociology has been revealing how culture shapes economic life even while economic facts affect social relationships. This work has transformed the field into a flourishing and increasingly influential discipline. No one has played a greater role in this development than Viviana Zelizer, one of the world's leading sociologists. Economic Lives synthesizes and extends her most important work to date, demonstrating the full breadth and range of her field-defining contributions in a single volume for the first time. Economic Lives shows how shared cultural understandings and interpersonal relations shape everyday economic activities. Far from being simple responses to narrow individual incentives and preferences, economic actions emerge, persist, and are transformed by our relations to others. Distilling three decades of research, the book offers a distinctive vision of economic activity that brings out the hidden meanings and social actions behind the supposedly impersonal worlds of production, consumption, and asset transfer. Economic Lives ranges broadly from life insurance marketing, corporate ethics, household budgets, and migrant remittances to caring labor, workplace romance, baby markets, and payments for sex. These examples demonstrate an alternative approach to explaining how we manage economic activity--as well as a different way of understanding why conventional economic theory has proved incapable of predicting or responding to recent economic crises. Providing an important perspective on the recent past and possible futures of a growing field, Economic Lives promises to be widely read and discussed.

Economics --- Social values. --- Economic sociology --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects --- Values --- Sociology --- Social values --- Sociological aspects --- E-books --- Karl Marx. --- United States. --- adoption market. --- adult-run enterprises. --- asset transfer. --- asset transfers. --- baby markets. --- baby selling. --- capitalism. --- carework. --- child insurance market. --- children's labor. --- children. --- circuits. --- commerce. --- commercial markets. --- commodification. --- compensation. --- consumption. --- credit associations. --- cultural meaning. --- cultural resistance. --- cultural understanding. --- culture. --- currency. --- death. --- distribution. --- domestic money. --- earmarking. --- economic activities. --- economic activity. --- economic life. --- economic models. --- economic organizations. --- economic performance. --- economic practices. --- economic processes. --- economic sociology. --- economic transactions. --- economic value. --- economy. --- entitlements. --- ethical codes. --- ethical questions. --- ethics. --- ethnicвacial communities. --- exchange. --- exploitation. --- friendship. --- gifts. --- households. --- immigrant enterprises. --- insurance policies. --- interpersonal relations. --- intimacy. --- intimate labor. --- intimate relations. --- intimate relationships. --- kinship. --- life insurance. --- market money. --- market transactions. --- markets. --- married women. --- migrants. --- monetary payments. --- monetary transactions. --- monetary transfers. --- money. --- neclassical economics. --- neoclassical economics. --- organizational performance. --- paid care. --- payment. --- personal relations. --- power. --- production. --- remittance networks. --- retail. --- risky exchanges. --- sacralization. --- sexual intimacy. --- sexual relationships. --- social arrangements. --- social order. --- social relations. --- social relationships. --- sociology. --- solidarity. --- special monies. --- surrogacy market. --- transactions. --- unpaid care. --- valuation. --- work. --- Economics - Sociological aspects --- Social Values --- Social values - Economic aspects --- Culture - Economic aspects