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This paper examines the effects of trade on growth among Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement countries. To accomplish this task, the authors collected a panel data set of 136 countries over 1960-2010, and estimated cross-country growth regressions using an econometric methodology that accounts for unobserved effects and the likely endogeneity of the growth determinants. Following recent empirical efforts, they tested whether the impact of trade openness on growth may be more effective after surpassing a "minimum threshold" in specific areas closely related to economic development. The analysis finds not only that there is a robust causal link from trade to growth, but also that the growth benefits from trade are larger in countries with higher levels of education and innovation, deeper financial markets, a stronger institutional framework, more developed infrastructure networks, a high level of integration with world capital markets, and less stringent economic regulations. On average, rising trade has benefited growth in Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement countries. However, the lack of progress in structural reforms has not allowed these countries to maximize the potential benefits from trade.

Achieving Shared Growth --- Benchmark --- Capital markets --- Comparative advantage --- Comparative advantages --- Economic growth --- Economic implications --- Economic integration --- Economic Theory & Research --- Economies of scale --- Emerging Markets --- Exports --- Free Trade --- GDP --- Human capital --- Increasing returns --- Increasing returns to scale --- International Economics and Trade --- International trade --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Regression analysis --- Regulatory framework --- Statistical analysis --- Trade Policy

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The success of development programs, including water resource projects, depends on two key factors: the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from other closely related programs. Existing methodologies have limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which quantifies both the roles that institutions play in impact generation and the extent of impact synergies that flows from closely related programs within a unified framework. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka in order to evaluate the impacts of three water-related programs and the roles of 11 institutions in the context of food security. The results provide considerable insights on the relative role of institutions and the flow of development synergies both within and across different impact pathways. The methodology can also be used to locate slack in impact chains and identify policy options to enhance the impact flows.

Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Development policy --- E-Business --- Econometric Analysis --- Econometric models --- Economic implications --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment --- Equations --- Externalities --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Industry --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Political economy --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Trade policy --- Utility maximization

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The number of young people is reaching unprecedented levels in most developing countries. In many countries, especially in East Asia and Latin America, youth populations are at or near their peak, and will decline in coming decades. In other countries, especially in Africa and South Asia, youth populations will continue growing for several decades. From an economic perspective, absolute numbers may be less important than the growth rate or relative size of youth cohorts. Growth rates and the ratio of youth to working-age population reached a peak in the 1970s or 1980s in most developing countries. The worst economic pressures of youth demography may have already occurred in many countries, although significant pressure will continue in Africa and South Asia.

Changes In Fertility --- Demographic Changes --- Developing Countries --- Economic Change --- Economic Implications --- Family Resources --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Labor Market --- Lam --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population --- Population Estimates --- Population Policies --- Population Projections --- Population Studies --- Progress --- Rate Of Growth --- United Nations Population Division --- World Population --- Young People --- Youth and Government

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The success of development programs, including water resource projects, depends on two key factors: the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from other closely related programs. Existing methodologies have limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which quantifies both the roles that institutions play in impact generation and the extent of impact synergies that flows from closely related programs within a unified framework. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka in order to evaluate the impacts of three water-related programs and the roles of 11 institutions in the context of food security. The results provide considerable insights on the relative role of institutions and the flow of development synergies both within and across different impact pathways. The methodology can also be used to locate slack in impact chains and identify policy options to enhance the impact flows.

Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Development policy --- E-Business --- Econometric Analysis --- Econometric models --- Economic implications --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment --- Equations --- Externalities --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Industry --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Political economy --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Trade policy --- Utility maximization

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the effects of trade on growth among Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement countries. To accomplish this task, the authors collected a panel data set of 136 countries over 1960-2010, and estimated cross-country growth regressions using an econometric methodology that accounts for unobserved effects and the likely endogeneity of the growth determinants. Following recent empirical efforts, they tested whether the impact of trade openness on growth may be more effective after surpassing a "minimum threshold" in specific areas closely related to economic development. The analysis finds not only that there is a robust causal link from trade to growth, but also that the growth benefits from trade are larger in countries with higher levels of education and innovation, deeper financial markets, a stronger institutional framework, more developed infrastructure networks, a high level of integration with world capital markets, and less stringent economic regulations. On average, rising trade has benefited growth in Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement countries. However, the lack of progress in structural reforms has not allowed these countries to maximize the potential benefits from trade.

Achieving Shared Growth --- Benchmark --- Capital markets --- Comparative advantage --- Comparative advantages --- Economic growth --- Economic implications --- Economic integration --- Economic Theory & Research --- Economies of scale --- Emerging Markets --- Exports --- Free Trade --- GDP --- Human capital --- Increasing returns --- Increasing returns to scale --- International Economics and Trade --- International trade --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Regression analysis --- Regulatory framework --- Statistical analysis --- Trade Policy