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Current trends in financial sector development in sub-Saharan Africa are prompting policymakers to focus on the design of appropriate supervisory structures. Against the backdrop of worldwide efforts to remodel supervisory structures, this paper develops an analytical framework for designing a regulatory strategy that could assist in prioritizing the needs for regulation and supervision over time. Such a strategy should facilitate the design of a supervisory structure suitable for an individual country's current and future needs. The paper emphasizes that in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, any such strategy is constrained by the reality of capacity limitations and should take into account the need to keep the central bank involved in the process. Building on the framework, the paper identifies a number of supervisory structures that could meet sub-Saharan Africa's needs.
Banks and banking -- State supervision -- Africa. --- Banks and banking, Central -- State supervision -- Africa. --- Financial institutions -- State supervision -- Africa. --- Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Business and Financial --- Finance: General --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Insurance --- Insurance Companies --- Actuarial Studies --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa --- Oceania --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Banking --- Financial services law & regulation --- Finance --- Bank supervision --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial services --- Central bank mandate --- Nonbank financial institutions --- Financial institutions --- Financial sector development --- Financial markets --- Banks and banking --- State supervision --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- South Africa
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This paper examines how major efficiency gains and improved effectiveness were simultaneously achieved at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand over a five-year period. It identifies the business management concepts that were used to transform the organization, outlines how they were applied, and evaluates the benefits obtained. The paper concludes that substantial real efficiency gains were achieved, while effectiveness was maintained or enhanced. Looking more widely, the business management concepts used to achieve these benefits could be applied to other central banks.
Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Information Management --- Labor --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Business Administration: General --- Corporate Culture --- Diversity --- Social Responsibility --- Accounting --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa --- Oceania --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Labor Economics: General --- IT Management --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Banking --- Budgeting & financial management --- Labour --- income economics --- Knowledge management --- Management accounting & bookkeeping --- Budget planning and preparation --- Information and data management --- Performance audit --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Technology --- Banks and banking --- Budget --- Labor economics --- Information resources management --- Auditing --- Economic theory --- New Zealand
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Capital markets in the East African Community (EAC) face common challenges of low capitalization and liquidity, but to different degrees. EAC member countries have made noticeable progress in developing domestic capital markets through a regional approach, removing constraints on capital transactions and harmonizing market infrastructure. Nevertheless, empirical analysis suggests capital market integration has not deepened during the past few years in the EAC, although convergence of investment returns is taking place to some extent. Learning from the experience of the West African Economic and Monetary Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, EAC countries would benefit from four actions to accelerate financial market integration: (i) further harmonize market infrastructure; (ii) strengthen regional surveillance mechanisms; (iii) encourage local currency bond issuance by multilateral financial institutions; and (iv) build the capacity of the existing regional institutions.
Monetary unions --- Capital market --- International economic integration. --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Common markets --- Economic integration, International --- Economic union --- Integration, International economic --- Markets, Common --- Union, Economic --- International economic relations --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Econometric models. --- Africa, Eastern --- Eastern Africa --- Economic integration. --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International Financial Markets --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa --- Oceania --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Stock markets --- Securities markets --- Treasury bills and bonds --- Capital market integration --- Financial markets --- Economic integration --- Stock exchanges --- Government securities --- International economic integration --- Kenya
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The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Demand for Money --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Time-Series Models --- Dynamic Quantile Regressions --- Dynamic Treatment Effect Models --- Diffusion Processes --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Comparative Studies of Particular Economies --- Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models --- Neoclassical --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Studies of Particular Policy Episodes --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure --- Money --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects --- Policy Objectives --- Policy Designs and Consistency --- Policy Coordination --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Economic Development: Agriculture --- Natural Resources --- Energy --- Environment --- Other Primary Products --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- International Finance: Other --- Market Structure and Pricing: General --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets --- Industry Studies --- Population --- Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Comparative Studies of Countries --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Housing Demand --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Expectations --- Speculations --- Hypothesis Testing --- Estimation --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics --- One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models --- General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General --- Agriculture: General --- Geographic Labor Mobility --- Immigrant Workers --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Multinational Firms --- International Business --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- International Fiscal Issues --- International Public Goods --- History of Thought: Macroeconomics --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Structure and Scope of Government: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems --- Firm Organization and Market Structure --- Retail and Wholesale Trade --- e-Commerce --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General --- Accounting and Auditing: General --- Model Construction and Estimation --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Business Administration: General --- Corporate Culture --- Diversity --- Social Responsibility --- Accounting --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa --- Oceania --- Development Planning and Policy: General --- Development Planning and Policy: Other --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Unemployment Insurance --- Severance Pay --- Plant Closings --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International Factor Movements and International Business: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- Money Supply --- Credit --- Money Multipliers --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Organizational Behavior --- Transaction Costs --- Property Rights --- Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Stabilization --- Treasury Policy --- Economywide Country Studies: Europe --- Economic Integration --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Fiscal Policy --- National Security and War --- Asymmetric and Private Information --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomics --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Real exchange rates --- Monetary unions --- Currencies --- Commodity prices --- Economic integration --- Prices --- Labor market --- Exports --- United States
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