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In the 1830s, New York, Philadelphia, and Boston each had a stock exchange. These were the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and Boston Stock Exchange. As there was no reliable means of communicating between these cities in real time, each exchange served its local market. The 1840s brought an innovation in communications technology: the telegraph, which, in time, brought these exchanges into competition with each other. Three previously independent stock markets became, in effect, a single market. If a security was listed on more than one exchange, potential buyers and sellers could choose the exchange on which to execute a trade in this security. This book closely analyzes this competition. The NYSE emerged as the winner of this competition. It became the place to trade securities that evoked regional and eventually national interest, while the Boston and Philadelphia exchanges remained regional exchanges. This book explores when and why this happened. This analysis is applied to the competition between (i) stock exchanges today; (ii) car rental aggregator services such as Uber and Ola; (iii) restaurant to home, food delivery services, such a Zomato and Swiggy; and (iv) doorstep delivery services, such as Blinkit and Zepto. Sonali Garg is an independent researcher based in New Delhi, India. She has worked as a regulator at the Competition Commission of India and holds a Ph.D. in Economics from The Ohio State University. Views expressed in the book are the author’s.

Economic history. --- Economic development. --- Economic History. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth.

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Was können chinesische Wirtschaftswissenschaftler aus dem japanischen Wirtschaftsboom und der anschließenden Stagnation lernen? Dieses Projekt zielt darauf ab, den Wachstumsmechanismus und die Determinanten der nachhaltigen Entwicklung in China im Vergleich zu den japanischen Erfahrungen institutionell und empirisch zu untersuchen. Dies ist die erste Herausforderung bei der Durchführung einer vergleichenden Studie über Chinas und Japans Wirtschaftswachstum und Entwicklung. Unser Ziel ist es, den Übergang des Wirtschaftssystems und seinen Einfluss auf die chinesische und japanische Wirtschaft aus makro- und mikroökonomischer Sicht zu untersuchen. Dieses Buch wird für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Wissenschaftler der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft und Wissenschaftler, die sich mit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Chinas oder Japans befassen, von Interesse sein. Dr. Xinxin Ma ist Professorin an der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Hosei-Universität. Sie war Herausgeberin des Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Asian Studies und des Journal of Chinese Economics. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte sind Einkommensungleichheit und soziale Sicherheit in China. Ihre wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten wurden in Fachzeitschriften wie der China Economic Review, dem Journal of Asian Economics und Economic Systems veröffentlicht. Ihre jüngsten Bücher sind Female Employment and Gender Gap in China (Springer, 2021) und Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021). Dr. Cheng Tang ist Professor an der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Chuo Universität. Er war Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Asian Studies. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind das chinesische Finanzsystem und die Haushaltsfinanzen. Seine wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten wurden in JINGJI YANJIU, Ajia Keizai und Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies veröffentlicht. Sein jüngstes Buch ist Uncovering the Mechanisms of "High Savings Rate" and "Excessive Debt": An Understanding of Chinese Economy from the Angle of Household and Corporate Financial Behavior (Yuhikaku Press, 2021). Dieses Buch stellt die Übersetzung einer englischsprachigen Originalausgabe dar. Die Übersetzung wurde mit Hilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz erstellt (maschinelle Übersetzung mit DeepL.com). Eine anschließende manuelle Überarbeitung erfolgte vor allem nach inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten, so dass das Buch stilistisch von einer herkömmlichen Übersetzung abweichen kann.

Asia—Economic conditions. --- Social policy. --- Economic development. --- Asian Economics. --- Social Policy. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth.

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“Industrial Innovations: New Technologies in Cities' Digital Infrastructures” is a comprehensive proceedings book that delves into the latest research and practices shaping the industrial landscape in urban settings. In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the integration of digital advancements has become increasingly crucial for optimizing industrial processes and enhancing efficiency. Through a series of insightful contributions, this book explores various aspects of digital advancements in industrial processes. Readers will gain valuable insights into topics such as machine learning for export pattern identification, AI-driven predictive maintenance methods, and the integration of digital technologies in distribution supply chains. These discussions shed light on how digital innovations are revolutionizing traditional industrial practices, leading to more streamlined operations and improved outcomes. Additionally, the book examines the role of digital twins in improving business processes by providing virtual simulations and optimizations. This concept enables businesses to enhance their operational efficiency and make informed decisions based on real-time data analysis. Moreover, the impact of digital visual management systems on workplace safety is explored, highlighting the importance of leveraging technology to mitigate risks and ensure a safer working environment. Furthermore, systematic mapping studies shed light on the intersection of green and digital supply chain innovation. By exploring how digital technologies can be leveraged to create more sustainable industrial practices, these studies offer potential avenues for reducing environmental impact and promoting long-term sustainability in industrial operations. With its diverse range of topics and contributions, “Industrial Innovations: New Technologies in Cities' Digital Infrastructures” serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in the intersection of technology and industrial innovation in urban environments. It offers insights into the latest advancements and best practices in leveraging digital technologies to optimize industrial processes and drive sustainable development in cities worldwide.

Sustainability. --- Economic development. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Technological innovations

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This book presents the latest research perspectives on how the Industry 4.0 paradigm is challenging the process of technological and structural change and how the diversification of the economy affects structural transformation. It also explores the impact of fast-growing technologies on the transformation of socioeconomic and environmental systems, and asks whether structural and technological change can generate sustainable economic growth and employment. Further, the book presents the basic innovations (new technologies, materials, energy, etc) and industrial policies that can lead to such a structural change.

Entrepreneurship. --- New business enterprises. --- Technological innovations. --- Economic development. --- Innovation and Technology Management. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth. --- Economic Growth.

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This book presents the latest research perspectives on how the Industry 4.0 paradigm is challenging the process of technological and structural change and how the diversification of the economy affects structural transformation. It also explores the impact of fast-growing technologies on the transformation of socioeconomic and environmental systems, and asks whether structural and technological change can generate sustainable economic growth and employment. Further, the book presents the basic innovations (new technologies, materials, energy, etc) and industrial policies that can lead to such a structural change.

Entrepreneurship. --- New business enterprises. --- Technological innovations. --- Economic development. --- Innovation and Technology Management. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth. --- Economic Growth.