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2021 (6)

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Book
Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs : Investigating Present and Past with Different Techniques
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Zn-Pb maine --- subfossil --- Cladocera --- heavy metals --- CCA analyses --- anthropogenic impact --- B-Splines smoothing --- Functional Data Analysis --- limnology --- monitoring ecological dynamics --- oligotrophication --- zooplankton --- phytoplankton --- Yellow Sea --- sand-dust deposition --- protists --- trophic structure --- Acartia tonsa --- Lagoon of Venice --- nonindigenous species --- zooplankton distribution --- coexistence patterns --- niche overlaps --- long-term ecological research --- Daphnia pulex --- stream ecology --- river dispersion --- live organic matter --- fish feeding --- population dynamics --- size --- match-mismatch --- Spitsbergen --- laser optical plankton counter --- stable isotope analysis --- persistent organic pollutants --- crustacean zooplankton --- freshwater --- size fractions --- seasonality --- autochthony --- cladocera --- functional ecology --- organic carbon --- paleolimnology --- tundra lakes --- UV radiation --- Mesozooplankton --- salinity --- abundance --- distribution --- diversity --- Maryland Coastal Bays --- species richness --- phylogenetic diversity --- bioclimate --- freshwater ponds --- diapausing eggs --- high mountain lakes --- Himalayas --- Daphnia --- Bosmina --- pheophorbide a --- fish predation --- grazing --- ephippia --- cladocera sub-fossil remains --- Zn-Pb maine --- subfossil --- Cladocera --- heavy metals --- CCA analyses --- anthropogenic impact --- B-Splines smoothing --- Functional Data Analysis --- limnology --- monitoring ecological dynamics --- oligotrophication --- zooplankton --- phytoplankton --- Yellow Sea --- sand-dust deposition --- protists --- trophic structure --- Acartia tonsa --- Lagoon of Venice --- nonindigenous species --- zooplankton distribution --- coexistence patterns --- niche overlaps --- long-term ecological research --- Daphnia pulex --- stream ecology --- river dispersion --- live organic matter --- fish feeding --- population dynamics --- size --- match-mismatch --- Spitsbergen --- laser optical plankton counter --- stable isotope analysis --- persistent organic pollutants --- crustacean zooplankton --- freshwater --- size fractions --- seasonality --- autochthony --- cladocera --- functional ecology --- organic carbon --- paleolimnology --- tundra lakes --- UV radiation --- Mesozooplankton --- salinity --- abundance --- distribution --- diversity --- Maryland Coastal Bays --- species richness --- phylogenetic diversity --- bioclimate --- freshwater ponds --- diapausing eggs --- high mountain lakes --- Himalayas --- Daphnia --- Bosmina --- pheophorbide a --- fish predation --- grazing --- ephippia --- cladocera sub-fossil remains


Book
Population and Community Ecology of Ontogenetic Development
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1299051278 1400845610 9781400845613 9781299051270 9780691137575 0691137579 Year: 2013 Volume: 51 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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Abstract

Most organisms show substantial changes in size or morphology after they become independent of their parents and have to find their own food. Furthermore, the rate at which these changes occur generally depends on the amount of food they ingest. In this book, André de Roos and Lennart Persson advance a synthetic and individual-based theory of the effects of this plastic ontogenetic development on the dynamics of populations and communities. De Roos and Persson show how the effects of ontogenetic development on ecological dynamics critically depend on the efficiency with which differently sized individuals convert food into new biomass. Differences in this efficiency--or ontogenetic asymmetry--lead to bottlenecks in and thus population regulation by either maturation or reproduction. De Roos and Persson investigate the community consequences of these bottlenecks for trophic configurations that vary in the number and type of interacting species and in the degree of ontogenetic niche shifts exhibited by their individuals. They also demonstrate how insights into the effects of maturation and reproduction limitation on community equilibrium carry over to the dynamics of size-structured populations and give rise to different types of cohort-driven cycles. Featuring numerous examples and tests of modeling predictions, this book provides a pioneering and extensive theoretical and empirical treatment of the ecology of ontogenetic growth and development in organisms, emphasizing the importance of an individual-based perspective for understanding population and community dynamics.

Keywords

Ontogeny. --- Niche (Ecology) --- Animal populations. --- Ontogenesis --- Biology --- Embryology --- Developmental biology --- Microhabitat --- Biotic communities --- Competition (Biology) --- Ecology --- Habitat (Ecology) --- Demography, Wildlife --- Populations, Animal --- Wildlife demography --- Wildlife populations --- Animal ecology --- Population biology --- Niche (Ecology). --- Allee effect. --- Daphnia. --- Escalator Boxcar Train. --- bioenergentics. --- biomass overcompensation. --- cannibalism. --- cladoceran zooplankton. --- coexistence. --- cohort cycles. --- community structure. --- competition. --- consumer life history. --- consumer population. --- consumer-resource dynamics. --- consumer-resource systems. --- demand-driven systems. --- development. --- discrete reproduction. --- ecological dynamics. --- ecology. --- energetics. --- energy gain. --- foraging. --- interspecific competition. --- maturation. --- metabolic rates. --- metabolism. --- morphology. --- mortality. --- niche overlaps. --- ontogenetic asymmetry. --- ontogenetic development. --- ontogenetic diet shifts. --- ontogenetic niche shifts. --- ontogenetic symmetry. --- overcompensation. --- population dynamics. --- population models. --- population regulation. --- predation. --- predator life history. --- predators. --- prey availability. --- prey life history. --- prey. --- reproduction control. --- reproduction. --- resource competition. --- size dependence. --- size-structured prey ecology. --- stage-structured prey. --- supply-driven systems.


Book
Health and Wellbeing in an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Context
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The health and wellbeing of people and the planet is currently receiving a much attention, if only because of the ongoing global crisis instigated by COVID-19. The benefits of nature for human wellbeing have been scientifically studied in multiple disciplines for over three decades. Researchers from disciplines such as ecology, sport science, psychology, tourism, medicine, forestry, environmental studies and architecture have found evidence that being in nature, interacting with nature, and feeling connected to nature are important for good health and wellbeing. In particular, physical activity in nature has been linked to wellbeing. This manuscript explores a particular type of physical activity in nature: adventure and outdoor activity. Adventure in nature is important for wellbeing, and carefully designed interventions and programs can have a profound impact. The work in this book suggests that adventure should be considered an important part of the public health offering.


Book
Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs : Investigating Present and Past with Different Techniques
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.


Book
Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs : Investigating Present and Past with Different Techniques
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
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Bookmark

Abstract

Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.


Book
Health and Wellbeing in an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Context
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The health and wellbeing of people and the planet is currently receiving a much attention, if only because of the ongoing global crisis instigated by COVID-19. The benefits of nature for human wellbeing have been scientifically studied in multiple disciplines for over three decades. Researchers from disciplines such as ecology, sport science, psychology, tourism, medicine, forestry, environmental studies and architecture have found evidence that being in nature, interacting with nature, and feeling connected to nature are important for good health and wellbeing. In particular, physical activity in nature has been linked to wellbeing. This manuscript explores a particular type of physical activity in nature: adventure and outdoor activity. Adventure in nature is important for wellbeing, and carefully designed interventions and programs can have a profound impact. The work in this book suggests that adventure should be considered an important part of the public health offering.


Book
Health and Wellbeing in an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Context
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

The health and wellbeing of people and the planet is currently receiving a much attention, if only because of the ongoing global crisis instigated by COVID-19. The benefits of nature for human wellbeing have been scientifically studied in multiple disciplines for over three decades. Researchers from disciplines such as ecology, sport science, psychology, tourism, medicine, forestry, environmental studies and architecture have found evidence that being in nature, interacting with nature, and feeling connected to nature are important for good health and wellbeing. In particular, physical activity in nature has been linked to wellbeing. This manuscript explores a particular type of physical activity in nature: adventure and outdoor activity. Adventure in nature is important for wellbeing, and carefully designed interventions and programs can have a profound impact. The work in this book suggests that adventure should be considered an important part of the public health offering.

Keywords

Lifestyle, sport & leisure --- physical education --- national curriculum --- military personnel --- psychological wellbeing --- outdoor adventure activities --- mental health --- resilience --- mental health problems --- higher education --- outdoor adventure --- multi-variate quantitative analyses --- active components of positive change --- school children --- transitions --- primary and secondary school --- nature --- tailored outdoor education programming --- individuality --- adaptable productive functioning --- green spaces --- health and psychological well-being --- self-determination --- adventure --- armed forces --- physical activity --- recovery --- soldiers --- Nature-based health interventions --- green prescriptions --- wilderness therapy --- forest schools --- green exercise --- adherence --- compliance --- health --- outdoor and adventure activities --- outdoor therapy --- phenomenology --- therapeutic process --- embodiment --- lived-experience --- slow adventure --- time --- slowness --- wellbeing --- cognitive dissonance --- strategies of dissonance reduction --- characteristics of dissonance arousal and modes of reduction --- consonant cognitions --- attitude and behaviour change --- autophenomenology --- adventure education programming --- Ecological Dynamics --- adventure education --- representative design --- outdoor and adventure sports --- physical education --- national curriculum --- military personnel --- psychological wellbeing --- outdoor adventure activities --- mental health --- resilience --- mental health problems --- higher education --- outdoor adventure --- multi-variate quantitative analyses --- active components of positive change --- school children --- transitions --- primary and secondary school --- nature --- tailored outdoor education programming --- individuality --- adaptable productive functioning --- green spaces --- health and psychological well-being --- self-determination --- adventure --- armed forces --- physical activity --- recovery --- soldiers --- Nature-based health interventions --- green prescriptions --- wilderness therapy --- forest schools --- green exercise --- adherence --- compliance --- health --- outdoor and adventure activities --- outdoor therapy --- phenomenology --- therapeutic process --- embodiment --- lived-experience --- slow adventure --- time --- slowness --- wellbeing --- cognitive dissonance --- strategies of dissonance reduction --- characteristics of dissonance arousal and modes of reduction --- consonant cognitions --- attitude and behaviour change --- autophenomenology --- adventure education programming --- Ecological Dynamics --- adventure education --- representative design --- outdoor and adventure sports


Book
Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48)
Author:
ISBN: 1283152487 9786613152480 1400838932 9781400838936 9781283152488 9780691128931 0691128936 9780691128948 0691128944 Year: 2011 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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"Understanding the mechanisms driving biological diversity remains a central problem in ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditional explanations assume that differences in selection pressures lead to different adaptations in geographically separated locations. This book takes a different approach and explores adaptive diversification--diversification rooted in ecological interactions and frequency-dependent selection. In any ecosystem, birth and death rates of individuals are affected by interactions with other individuals. What is an advantageous phenotype therefore depends on the phenotype of other individuals, and it may often be best to be ecologically different from the majority phenotype. Such rare-type advantage is a hallmark of frequency-dependent selection and opens the scope for processes of diversification that require ecological contact rather than geographical isolation. Michael Doebeli investigates adaptive diversification using the mathematical framework of adaptive dynamics. Evolutionary branching is a paradigmatic feature of adaptive dynamics that serves as a basic metaphor for adaptive diversification, and Doebeli explores the scope of evolutionary branching in many different ecological scenarios, including models of coevolution, cooperation, and cultural evolution. He also uses alternative modeling approaches. Stochastic, individual-based models are particularly useful for studying adaptive speciation in sexual populations, and partial differential equation models confirm the pervasiveness of adaptive diversification. Showing that frequency-dependent interactions are an important driver of biological diversity, Adaptive Diversification provides a comprehensive theoretical treatment of adaptive diversification"-- "Adaptive biological diversification occurs when frequency-dependent selection generates advantages for rare phenotypes and induces a split of an ancestral lineage into multiple descendant lineages. Using adaptive dynamics theory, individual-based simulations, and partial differential equation models, this book illustrates that adaptive diversification due to frequency-dependent ecological interaction is a theoretically ubiquitous phenomenon"--

Keywords

Evolution (Biology) --- Biodiversity --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Environment --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Mathematical models. --- LotkaЖolterra models. --- Maynard Smith model. --- Richard Lenski. --- adaptive diversification. --- adaptive dynamics theory. --- adaptive dynamics. --- adaptive speciation. --- anisogamy. --- asexual speciation. --- assortative mating. --- biological diversity. --- clonal models. --- coevolution. --- coevolutionary dynamics. --- conformist cultures. --- cooperative interactions. --- crossfeeding. --- cultural evolution. --- dispersal rates. --- disruptive selection. --- diverging phenotypic clusters. --- diversification. --- ecological character displacement. --- ecological dynamics. --- ecology. --- ecosystem. --- evolutionary biology. --- evolutionary branching. --- evolutionary dynamics. --- evolutionary processes. --- evolutionary trajectory. --- experimental evolution. --- frequency dependence. --- frequency independence. --- frequency-dependent competition. --- frequency-dependent interactions. --- frequency-dependent selection. --- gamete size. --- individual-based models. --- intraspecific cooperation. --- language memes. --- language. --- mainstream culture. --- mathematical modeling. --- mating populations. --- microbes. --- mutualism. --- mutualistic interactions. --- niche ecology. --- partial differential equation models. --- pattern formation. --- phenotype distributions. --- phenotype. --- phenotypic differentiation. --- phenotypic divergence. --- polymorphic populations. --- polymorphism. --- polymorphisms. --- predation. --- predatorаrey interactions. --- prezygotic reproductive isolation. --- religion. --- religious diversification. --- reproductive isolation. --- resource competition. --- sexual populations. --- sexual reproduction. --- speciation model. --- trophic preference. --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental


Book
Ecology of Climate Change
Author:
ISBN: 1400846137 9781400846139 9780691148472 0691148473 Year: 2013 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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Abstract

Rising temperatures are affecting organisms in all of Earth's biomes, but the complexity of ecological responses to climate change has hampered the development of a conceptually unified treatment of them. In a remarkably comprehensive synthesis, this book presents past, ongoing, and future ecological responses to climate change in the context of two simplifying hypotheses, facilitation and interference, arguing that biotic interactions may be the primary driver of ecological responses to climate change across all levels of biological organization. Eric Post's synthesis and analyses of ecological consequences of climate change extend from the Late Pleistocene to the present, and through the next century of projected warming. His investigation is grounded in classic themes of enduring interest in ecology, but developed around novel conceptual and mathematical models of observed and predicted dynamics. Using stability theory as a recurring theme, Post argues that the magnitude of climatic variability may be just as important as the magnitude and direction of change in determining whether populations, communities, and species persist. He urges a more refined consideration of species interactions, emphasizing important distinctions between lateral and vertical interactions and their disparate roles in shaping responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to climate change.

Keywords

Climatic changes. --- Bioclimatology. --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Climatology --- Ecology --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- Bioclimatology --- Global environmental change --- Industrial Revolution. --- Late Pleistocene. --- PleistoceneЈolocene transition. --- abiotic changes. --- abiotic compartments. --- abiotic conditions. --- amphibian breeding. --- biodiversity. --- biome shifts. --- biotic compartments. --- biotic interaction. --- character displacement. --- climate change ecology. --- climate change. --- climatic fluctuation. --- climatic variability. --- coexistence. --- community composition. --- community dynamics. --- community stability. --- competitive interactions. --- density-dependent processes. --- density-independent processes. --- diminishing land ice. --- diminishing sea ice. --- ecological dynamics. --- ecological theory. --- ecology. --- ecosystem carbon dynamics. --- ecosystem components. --- ecosystem dynamics. --- ecosystem function. --- ecosystem respiration. --- ecosystem stability. --- ecosystems. --- egg laying. --- emigration. --- environmental disturbance. --- environmental variability. --- environmental variation. --- extinction. --- facilitation. --- flowering. --- habitat utilization patterns. --- immigration. --- interference. --- life history. --- mass extinctions. --- migration. --- net ecosystem production. --- net primary productivity. --- niche concept. --- niche overlap. --- niche packing. --- niche theory. --- phenological dynamics. --- phenological events. --- phenology. --- plant emergence. --- population dynamics. --- population stability. --- quantitative ecology. --- rapid climate change. --- rapid warming. --- rising temperature. --- speciation. --- species assemblages. --- species distributions. --- species diversity. --- species losses. --- stability theory. --- stochastic environments. --- temperature variability.

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