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1368
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ISBN: 1503631516 150361283X 9781503631519 9781503627475 Year: 2022 Publisher: Stanford, California

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Abstract

A new picture of China's rise since the Age of Exploration and its historical impact on the modern world. The establishment of the Great Ming dynasty in 1368 was a monumental event in world history. A century before Columbus, Beijing sent a series of diplomatic missions across the South China Sea and Indian Ocean that paved the way for China's first modern global era. 1368 maps China's ascendance from the embassies of Admiral Zheng He to the arrival of European mariners and the shock of the Opium Wars. In Ali Humayun Akhtar's new picture of world history, China's current rise evokes an earlier epoch, one that sheds light on where Beijing is heading today. Spectacular accounts in Persian and Ottoman Turkish describe palaces of silk and jade in Beijing's Forbidden City. Malay legends recount stories of Chinese princesses arriving in Melaka with gifts of porcelain and gold. During Europe's Age of Exploration, Iberian mariners charted new passages to China, which the Dutch and British East India Companies transformed into lucrative tea routes. But during the British Industrial Revolution, the rise of steam engines and factories allowed the export of the very commodities once imported from China. By the end of the Opium Wars and the arrival of Commodore Perry in Japan, Chinese and Japanese reformers called for their own industrial revolutions to propel them into the twentieth century. What has the world learned from China since the Ming, and how did China reemerge in the 1970s as a manufacturing superpower? Akhtar's book provides much-needed context for understanding China's rise today and the future of its connections with both the West and a resurgent Asia.


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Outsourcing Empire : How Company-States Made the Modern World
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0691206201 Year: 2020 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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How chartered company-states spearheaded European expansion and helped create the world’s first genuinely global orderFrom Spanish conquistadors to British colonialists, the prevailing story of European empire-building has focused on the rival ambitions of competing states. But as Outsourcing Empires shows, from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries, company-states—not sovereign states—drove European expansion, building the world’s first genuinely international system. Company-states were hybrid ventures: pioneering multinational trading firms run for profit, with founding charters that granted them sovereign powers of war, peace, and rule. Those like the English and Dutch East India Companies carved out corporate empires in Asia, while other company-states pushed forward European expansion through North America, Africa, and the South Pacific. In this comparative exploration, Andrew Phillips and J. C. Sharman explain the rise and fall of company-states, why some succeeded while others failed, and their role as vanguards of capitalism and imperialism.In dealing with alien civilizations to the East and West, Europeans relied primarily on company-states to mediate geographic and cultural distances in trade and diplomacy. Emerging as improvised solutions to bridge the gap between European rulers’ expansive geopolitical ambitions and their scarce means, company-states succeeded best where they could balance the twin imperatives of power and profit. Yet as European states strengthened from the late eighteenth century onward, and a sense of separate public and private spheres grew, the company-states lost their usefulness and legitimacy.Bringing a fresh understanding to the ways cross-cultural relations were handled across the oceans, Outsourcing Empire examines the significance of company-states as key progenitors of the globalized world.


Book
The makings of Indonesian Islam
Author:
ISBN: 1283152541 9786613152541 1400839998 9781400839995 9781283152549 9780691145303 069114530X 9780691162164 0691162166 Year: 2011 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey Oxford

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Indonesian Islam is often portrayed as being intrinsically moderate by virtue of the role that mystical Sufism played in shaping its traditions. According to Western observers--from Dutch colonial administrators and orientalist scholars to modern anthropologists such as the late Clifford Geertz--Indonesia's peaceful interpretation of Islam has been perpetually under threat from outside by more violent, intolerant Islamic traditions that were originally imposed by conquering Arab armies. The Makings of Indonesian Islam challenges this widely accepted narrative, offering a more balanced assessment of the intellectual and cultural history of the most populous Muslim nation on Earth. Michael Laffan traces how the popular image of Indonesian Islam was shaped by encounters between colonial Dutch scholars and reformist Islamic thinkers. He shows how Dutch religious preoccupations sometimes echoed Muslim concerns about the relationship between faith and the state, and how Dutch-Islamic discourse throughout the long centuries of European colonialism helped give rise to Indonesia's distinctive national and religious culture. The Makings of Indonesian Islam presents Islamic and colonial history as an integrated whole, revealing the ways our understanding of Indonesian Islam, both past and present, came to be.

Keywords

Islam --- Sufism --- Sofism --- Mysticism --- History. --- Aceh. --- Afdeeling B. --- Asian courts. --- Batavia. --- British interregnum. --- Christianity. --- Christianization. --- Dutch missionaries. --- Dutch scholarship. --- Dutch society. --- Dutch. --- East India Companies. --- Hasan Mustafa. --- Holland. --- Indies. --- Indonesia. --- Indonesian Islam. --- Indonesians. --- Irshadi movement. --- Islam. --- Islamic Law. --- Islamic activity. --- Islamic curriculum. --- Islamic learning. --- Islamic thinkers. --- Islamization. --- Japanese occupation. --- Java. --- Javanese. --- Mecca. --- Middle Eastern learning. --- Middle Eastern networks. --- Muhammad Rashid Rida. --- Muhammad ʻAbduh. --- Muslim Indies. --- Muslim activism. --- Muslim nation. --- Muslim society. --- Muslim teachers. --- Naqshbandis. --- Netherlandic Indies. --- Netherlands Indies. --- Office for Native Affairs. --- Orientalism. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Prophet. --- Protestantism. --- Salafi movement. --- Sammaniyya order. --- Sarekat Islam. --- Shariʻa. --- Snouck Hurgronje. --- Southeast Asian scholars. --- Sufi knowledge. --- Sufi learning. --- Sufi organization. --- Sufi practice. --- Sufi practices. --- Sufi scholarship. --- Sufi teachings. --- Sufism. --- The Hague. --- abangan. --- colonial Dutch. --- colonial advisors. --- colonial scholarship. --- colonial state. --- colonial tutelage. --- communism. --- independent religious masters. --- indigenous education. --- indigenous society. --- international connections. --- legal practices. --- legalistic scholarship. --- local cultures. --- local languages. --- marginalized courts. --- mufti. --- muhaqqiqin. --- mystical teachers. --- nationalism. --- orthodox public sphere. --- orthodoxy. --- orthopraxy. --- pesantren. --- pesantrens. --- populist authority. --- populist mysticism. --- putihan. --- reformist thinkers. --- sayyid-led reforms. --- tariqas. --- Orientalism --- Histoire


Book
Between Monopoly and Free Trade : The English East India Company, 1600-1757
Author:
ISBN: 9780691159065 0691159068 0691173796 1400850339 Year: 2014 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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The English East India Company was one of the most powerful and enduring organizations in history. Between Monopoly and Free Trade locates the source of that success in the innovative policy by which the Company's Court of Directors granted employees the right to pursue their own commercial interests while in the firm's employ. Exploring trade network dynamics, decision-making processes, and ports and organizational context, Emily Erikson demonstrates why the English East India Company was a dominant force in the expansion of trade between Europe and Asia, and she sheds light on the related problems of why England experienced rapid economic development and how the relationship between Europe and Asia shifted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Though the Company held a monopoly on English overseas trade to Asia, the Court of Directors extended the right to trade in Asia to their employees, creating an unusual situation in which employees worked both for themselves and for the Company as overseas merchants. Building on the organizational infrastructure of the Company and the sophisticated commercial institutions of the markets of the East, employees constructed a cohesive internal network of peer communications that directed English trading ships during their voyages. This network integrated Company operations, encouraged innovation, and increased the Company's flexibility, adaptability, and responsiveness to local circumstance. Between Monopoly and Free Trade highlights the dynamic potential of social networks in the early modern era.

Keywords

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of Asia --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Free trade --- Capitalism --- Social networks. --- East India Company --- History. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Governor and Company of Merchants of London, Trading into the East Indies --- United Company of Merchants of England, Trading to the East Indies --- English East India Company --- East India Company (English) --- East India Tea Company --- East-India Companie --- United East India Company --- Compagnie des Indes orientales d'Angleterre --- Compagnie unie de marchands d'Angleterre commerçans aux Indes orientales --- Tung Yin-tu kung ssu --- Honourable East-India Company --- Sharikat al-Hind al-Sharqīyah al-Barīṭānīyah --- Engelse Oost-Indische Maatschappy --- Kumpanī-i Hind-i Sharqī --- کمپنى هند شرقى --- English Company Trading to the East-Indies --- Īsṭa Iṇḍiyā Kampanī --- Asia. --- Asian commercial institutions. --- Asian merchants. --- Asian ports. --- Asian trading ports. --- Court of Directors. --- English East India Company. --- English trade patterns. --- Europe. --- Industrial Revolution. --- alternative explanations. --- analytical sociology. --- choosing ports. --- commercial networks. --- comparative analysis. --- corruption. --- decentralization. --- decentralized market exchange. --- decentralized organizational structure. --- decentralized ports. --- early modern period. --- eastern ports. --- economic development. --- economic theory. --- financial networks. --- foreign trade institutions. --- global trade. --- historical change. --- individual-level actions. --- market structure. --- merchant capitalism. --- micro-level behavioral patterns. --- militarization. --- modernity. --- monopoly. --- multilateral commercial network. --- new markets. --- new organizational forms. --- nineteenth century. --- operational decisions. --- opportunity structures. --- organizational background. --- organizational characteristics. --- organizational context. --- organizational incentive structures. --- other East India companies. --- overseas trade expansion. --- overseas trade. --- patterns of innovation. --- private trade allowances. --- private trade. --- small-scale commercial actors. --- social networks. --- trade networks. --- trading decisions. --- trading partnerships. --- trading ships. --- underdevelopment.


Book
The Dutch and English East India Companies : Diplomacy, Trade and Violence in Early Modern Asia
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9048533384 9462983291 Year: 2018 Publisher: Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press,

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The Dutch and English East India Companies were formidable organisations that were gifted with expansive powers that allowed them to conduct diplomacy, raise armies and seize territorial possessions. But they did not move into an empty arena in which they were free to deploy these powers without resistance. Early modern Asia stood at the center of the global economy and was home to powerful states and sprawling commercial networks. The companies may have been global enterprises but they operated in a globalised region in which they encountered a range of formidable competitors who frequently outmaneuvered or outfought their representatives. This groundbreaking collection of essays explores the place of the Dutch and English East India Companies in Asia and the nature of their interactions with Asian rulers, officials, merchants, soldiers, and brokers. With contributions from the most innovative historians in the field, this book presents new ways to understand these organisations by focusing on their diplomatic, commercial, and military interactions with Asia.

Keywords

Colonial companies --- Commercial companies --- Companies, Colonial --- Merchant companies --- Colonization --- Commerce --- History. --- East India Company --- Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie --- Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales --- Oost-Indische Compagnie (Netherlands) --- Dutch East India Company --- Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Netherlands) --- Oostindische Vereenigde Maatschappij (Netherlands) --- East India Company (Netherlands) --- Oranda Tō-Indo Kaisha --- Tō-Indo Kaisha (Netherlands) --- Societas Privilegiata Foederati Belgii ad Navigationem & Commercia Indiarum Orientalium --- Jan Compagnie (Netherlands) --- Oranda Higashi Indo Kaisha --- Higashi Indo Kaisha (Netherlands) --- V.O.C. --- VOC --- Verenigde Nederlandsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie --- Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Netherlands) --- Nederlandse Oost-Indische Compagnie --- East India Company of the United Provinces --- Oostindische Compagnie (Netherlands) --- Generaale Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie --- United Dutch East India Company --- Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Maatschappij --- Compagnie hollandoise des Indes orientales --- Compagnie des Indes orientales hollandaises --- Niederländische Ostindische Kompanie --- Vest-Indskai︠a︡ kompanii︠a︡ (Netherlands) --- Gollandskai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ kompanii︠a︡ (Netherlands) --- Compagnia olandese delle Indie orientali --- Compagnia riunita (Netherlands) --- Compagnia riunita delle Indie orientali (Netherlands) --- Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie --- Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales --- O.I. Comp. (Oost-Indische Compagnie) --- Governor and Company of Merchants of London, Trading into the East Indies --- United Company of Merchants of England, Trading to the East Indies --- English East India Company --- East India Company (English) --- East India Tea Company --- East-India Companie --- United East India Company --- Compagnie des Indes orientales d'Angleterre --- Compagnie unie de marchands d'Angleterre commerçans aux Indes orientales --- Tung Yin-tu kung ssu --- Honourable East-India Company --- Sharikat al-Hind al-Sharqīyah al-Barīṭānīyah --- Engelse Oost-Indische Maatschappy --- Kumpanī-i Hind-i Sharqī --- کمپنى هند شرقى --- English Company Trading to the East-Indies --- HISTORY / General. --- Īsṭa Iṇḍiyā Kampanī --- Compañías coloniales --- Historia --- Diplomacy. --- East India Companies. --- Empire, Trade. --- Warfare. --- East India Company. --- Asia --- History

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