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Hinduism --- Religions --- Brahmanism --- Bengal (India) --- Bengal --- Fort William (India) --- Presidency of Fort William (India) --- Bengale (India) --- Baṅgāla (India) --- Eastern Bengal and Assam (India) --- West Bengal (India) --- East Bengal (Pakistan) --- Religious life and customs.

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A terrifying sound disturbs the peace of Hansuli Turn, a forest village in Bengal, and the community splits as to its meaning. Does it herald the apocalyptic departure of the gods or is there a more rational explanation? The Kahars, inhabitants of Hansuli Turn, belong to an untouchable "criminal tribe" soon to be epically transformed by the effects of World War II and India's independence movement. Their headman, Bonwari, upholds the ethics of an older time, but his fragile philosophy proves no match for the overpowering machines of war. As Bonwari and the village elders come to believe the gods have abandoned them, younger villagers led by the rebel Karali look for other meanings and a different way of life.As the two factions fight, codes of authority, religion, sex, and society begin to break down, and amid deadly conflict and natural disaster, Karali seizes his chance to change his people's future. Sympathetic to the desires of both older and younger generations, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay depicts a difficult transition in which a marginal caste fragments and mutates under the pressure of local and global forces. The novel's handling of the language of this rural society sets it apart from other works of its time, while the village's struggles anticipate the dilemmas of rural development, ecological and economic exploitation, and dalit militancy that would occupy the center of India's post-Independence politics.Negotiating the colonial depredations of the 1939-45 war and the oppressions of an agrarian caste system, the Kahars both fear and desire the consequences of a revolutionized society and the loss of their culture within it. Lyrically rendered by one of India's great novelists, this story of one people's plight dramatizes the anxieties of a nation and the resistance of some to further marginalization.

Bengali fiction. --- Bengali literature --- Bengal (India) --- Rural conditions. --- Bengal --- Fort William (India) --- Presidency of Fort William (India) --- Bengale (India) --- Baṅgāla (India) --- Eastern Bengal and Assam (India) --- West Bengal (India) --- East Bengal (Pakistan) --- Tribes --- Villages --- Hamlets (Villages) --- Village government --- Cities and towns --- Tribes and tribal system --- Families --- Clans --- Rural conditions

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Dans une enquête anthropologique qui étudie les interactions entre croyances collectives et expériences individuelles et développe une approche cognitive des faits de croyance, Marine Canin montre combien il importe pour l’éthnologie religieuse du monde indien de prendre en compte les stratégies individuelles. Partant d'histoires de vie de femmes dont elle a partagé l'existence au Bengale, l'auteur montre comment l'infortune qui frappe la personne est réinterprétée en termes de causalité religieuse dans des formes de culte non institutionnalisés. La plupart de ces femmes ont en effet vécu des expériences traumatisantes et ont été amenées à la dévotion à la suite d'un rejet, voire d'une exclusion ou d'une mort sociale. Personnage principal du livre, Parvati, par exemple, fonde un sanctuaire thérapeutique dédie à Shiva et à Kali, à la suite d'un mariage en dehors du groupe santal auquel elle appartenait à l' origine. On assiste alors à l'émergence d'un type nouveau de prêtrise féminine où l'expression de la dévotion voisine avec des formes populaires d' exorcisme . Tiraillées entre les divinités du monde tribal et les dieux hindous, ces personnes cherchent plus ou moins consciemment à revendiquer une identité sur le mode religieux, en manipulant des concepts liés au rituel pour les resituer dans leurs situations individuelles. Dès lors, certains symboles corporels exprimant l'ambivalence sexuelle permettent aux dévots des deux sexes de trouver de nouvelles formes d'éfficacité thérapeutique : c'est le cas des ojha, prêtres tribaux santal qui se féminisent pour assurer les cultes dont ils ont la charge et des prêtresses qui, inversement, adoptent des caractères masculins pour officier dans les sanctuaires. Au Bengale, dans un contexte où les différences entre tribus et castes tendent a s'estomper, la notion d'acculturation des Santal au monde hindou apparaît donc centrale dans un milieu fortement imprégné des cultes tantriques.

Women priests --- Priests, Hindu --- Hindu women --- Religious life. --- Bengal (India) --- Religion. --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Hinduism --- Santals (South Asian people) --- Women [Bengali ] --- Religious life --- Bengal --- Fort William (India) --- Presidency of Fort William (India) --- Bengale (India) --- Baṅgāla (India) --- Eastern Bengal and Assam (India) --- West Bengal (India) --- East Bengal (Pakistan) --- Women priests - India - Bengal. --- Priests, Hindu - India - Bengal. --- Hindu women - Religious life. --- Bengal (India) - Religion. --- prêtrise féminine --- croyance --- prêtre-devin --- caste --- dévotion (anthropologie)

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State Formation and Radical Democracy in India analyzes one of the most important cases of developmental change in the twentieth century, namely, Kerala in southern India and begs the question of whether insurgency among the marginalized poor can use formal representative democracy to create better life chances. Going back to pre-independence, colonial India, Manali Desai takes a long historical view of Kerala and compares it with the state of West Bengal, which like Kerala has been ruled by leftists but has not had the same degree of success in raising equal access to welfare, lit

Social change --- India --- Kerala (India) --- Bengal (India) --- Politics and government. --- Social policy. --- Bengal --- Fort William (India) --- Presidency of Fort William (India) --- Bengale (India) --- Baṅgāla (India) --- Eastern Bengal and Assam (India) --- West Bengal (India) --- East Bengal (Pakistan) --- Kerala, India (State) --- Malankar (India) --- Malankara (India) --- Keralam (India) --- Kīrālā (India) --- Travancore and Cochin (India) --- lower --- caste --- princely --- travancore --- congress --- party --- narayana --- guru --- upper --- protest

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This revisionist history of caste politics in twentieth-century Bengal argues that the decline of this form of political mobilization in the region was as much the result of coercion as of consent. It traces this process through the political career of Jogendranath Mandal, the leader of the Dalit movement in eastern India and a prominent figure in the history of India and Pakistan, over the transition of Partition and Independence. Utilising Mandal's private papers, this study reveals both the strength and achievements of his movement for Dalit recognition, as well as the major challenges and constraints he encountered. Departing from analyses that have stressed the role of integration, Dwaipayan Sen demonstrates how a wide range of coercions shaped the eventual defeat of Dalit politics in Bengal. The region's acclaimed 'castelessness' was born of the historical refusal of Mandal's struggle to pose the caste question.

Caste --- Dalits --- Depressed classes (South Asia) --- Harijans --- Scheduled castes (India) --- Untouchables --- Ethnology --- Manners and customs --- History. --- Political activity --- Maṇḍala, Yogendranātha, --- Yogendranātha Maṇḍala, --- Jogendra Nath Mandal, --- Mandal, Jogendra Nath, --- Mandal, Jogendranath, --- Jogendranath Mandal, --- Maṇḍala, Yogena, --- Bengal (India) --- Bengal --- Fort William (India) --- Presidency of Fort William (India) --- Bengale (India) --- Baṅgāla (India) --- Eastern Bengal and Assam (India) --- West Bengal (India) --- East Bengal (Pakistan) --- Politics and government