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Introduction. 
Les modèles empiriques dominent dans la nosographie actuelle pour établir un jugement diagnostique de schizophrénie, laissant le clinicien en dehors du tableau psychiatrique et avec une compréhension indirecte des manifestations psychopathologiques. Et si les cliniciens laissaient la parole aux concernés pour faire part de leurs propres expériences ? Cette perspective est envisagée par la phénoménologie, à travers les anomalies de l’expérience de soi et du monde. 
Objectifs. 
Les objectifs de cette recherche visaient à appréhender la charpente psychopathologique de l’individu schizophrène selon le point de vue phénoménologique, et donc grâce aux perspectives de première et seconde personne. 
Méthodologie. 
Afin d’accéder à la narrativité des participants, nous avons usé des échelles d’orientation phénoménologique EASE et EAWE, dans des entretiens semi-structurés. 
Résultats. 
Nous avons pu relever à travers nos résultats une grande hétérogénéité à l’intérieur de la pathologie chez nos deux participants, ainsi que quelques anomalies de la subjectivité plus communes entre eux : les interférences de la pensée, la perturbation de la fonction expressive du langage, un sentiment amoindri du soi de base, ou encore les sentiments de supériorité ou de centralité. 
Conclusion. 
Les échelles utilisées se sont révélées très utiles pour appréhender les anomalies de l’expérience de soi et du monde dans la schizophrénie. Afin d’apporter la compréhension adéquate prônée par la phénoménologie, nous proposerions une approche complémentaire des modèles empiriques actuels et des perspectives en première et seconde personne.

Psychologie --- Phénoménologie --- Schizophrénie --- EASE --- EAWE --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Traitement & psychologie clinique

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La schizophrénie est un trouble qui se manifeste par des expériences multiples, des troubles du soi. L’approche phénoménologique offre une nouvelle compréhension de ce discours, en proposant un rapport d’égal à égal avec le clinicien, une perspective en première personne, ce qui fait émerger le discours des personnes schizophrènes. Afin de pouvoir accéder au vécu des sujets, nous avons réalisé la passation des échelles SELF et EASE, des guides d’entretiens semi-directifs qui permettent d’aller à la rencontre et ainsi d’accéder à la subjectivité schizophrénique. Le but de ce travail est d’observer si la SELF peut déceler ces expériences et aussi d’observer si elle peut être complémentaire avec l’échelle EASE.

Schizophrenia --- Phenomenology --- EASE --- Ipseity disorder --- self --- Troubles du soi --- psychopathology --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Traitement & psychologie clinique

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The World Bank's Ease of Doing Business reports have been ranking countries since 2006. However, do improvements in rankings generate greater foreign direct investment inflows? This study is the first to test such a proposition empirically with Arellano-Bond dynamic panel estimators using the official rankings from 2006 to 2009. The paper shows this relationship is significant for the average country. However, when the sample is restricted to developing countries, the results suggest an improved ranking has, on average, an insignificant (albeit positive) influence on foreign direct investment inflows. Although robust, this result should be taken with caution given that it refers to the average developing country using data across a four-year time period. Finally, the paper demonstrates that, on average, countries that undertake large-scale reforms relative to other countries do not necessarily attract greater foreign direct investment inflows. This analysis may have important ramifications for developing country governments wanting to improve their Doing Business Rankings in the hope of attracting foreign direct investment inflows.

Business Environment --- Business in Development --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Debt Markets --- Ease of Doing Business Rankings --- Emerging Markets --- FDI --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- World Bank Governance Indicators --- World Bank

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The purpose of this handbook is to provide policy makers with a framework to assess a tax system in its entirety, measure its various parameters and how it is administered, and defines best practices for tax policy and administration that will yield a tax system that is simple and predictable and does not create an undue burden on private enterprise. This handbook is primarily designed for policy makers and tax practitioners. The goal is to analyze the impact of income tax, the value added tax (VAT), and other local taxes that are imposed on business. This handbook does not analyze the effects of trade and labor taxes such as social security. The administration of the customs duty is unique and has been addressed extensively in the literature on customs modernization. Labor taxes primarily imposed on salaried individuals are not covered by this handbook, even though their incidence affects business. VAT has been included even though it is a tax on consumption because the administrative burden to comply with it is primarily on business.

Accounting --- Administrative & Regulatory Law --- Apartheid --- Bankruptcy --- Business Environment --- Capacity Building --- Capital Markets --- Civil War --- Collective Action --- Debt --- Democracies --- Developing Countries --- Ease of Doing Business --- Fiscal Policy --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Good Governance --- Gross Domestic Product --- Inflation --- Information Technology --- International Finance --- Investment Climate --- Job Creation --- Law and Development --- Legal System --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Political Economy --- Poll Taxes --- Private Sector Development --- Property Taxes --- Public Spending --- Rule of Law --- Savings --- Securities --- Small Businesses --- Social Capital --- Subnational Governments --- Tax Administration --- Tax Evasion --- Tax Exemptions --- Tax Law --- Tax Policy --- Taxation & Subsidies --- Technical Assistance --- Transparency --- Treaties

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This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects

Research. --- Biology. --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice-wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance --- alternative energy source --- Ethiopian mustard --- sustainability --- agricultural green development --- entropy weight method --- spatial heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effect --- China --- rice yields --- climate change --- phenology --- relative contribution --- partial correlation --- seed security --- banana tissue culture planting material --- uptake --- banana farmers --- central Uganda --- traditional rice economics --- institutional --- socio-demographic factors --- multinomial logit model --- constraints --- China-Africa cooperation --- agricultural program --- agricultural training --- technology adoption --- dams --- agriculture --- livelihoods --- health --- schistosomiasis --- restoration --- sustainable development --- climate adaptation --- rice-wheat cropping system --- South Asia --- water requirements --- nitrogen --- direct seeding --- agricultural science, technology and innovation --- Innovation efficiency --- DEA --- G20 --- productivity --- efficiency --- food security --- digital agriculture --- smart farming --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- Middle East and North Africa --- decision making --- instrumental variable --- neighbourhood effects --- rice farmers --- risk attitudes --- spatial dependence --- agricultural innovation --- sustainable agriculture --- plant breeding --- cereals --- intellectual property --- agricultural law --- plant variety rights --- seed marketing --- European Union --- fertilizer --- knowledge --- attitude --- ease of use --- motivation --- work performance