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Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity, and are listed as one of the main factors contributing to biodiversity decline. Since the 16th century, the number of new alien species has increased exponentially, indicating ongoing and potentially escalating invasions in the near future. The threats posed by invasive species are further exacerbated in the context of climate change, making it important to assess the species climatic range by the end of the century in order to inform and adapt management techniques. In fact, once alien species have become established in a new environment, they are difficult to eradicate. Invasive species assessment protocols are therefore essential for early detection. This becomes even more important in oceanic archipelagos like the Canary Islands, which have long been recognized as ecological systems particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. The aim of this MsC Thesis is to (i) evaluate and test weed risk assessment protocols to select the best performing predictive tool for invasive species in Tenerife, (ii) apply these protocols to assess the invasion risk of alien species whose status on the island has not yet been identified, and (iii) predict how these invasion risks may change in the context of climate change. Based on a series of traits documented for each of 113 alien species, belonging to the Asparagaceae, Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae in Tenerife including both invasive and non-invasive species, the capacity of the ‘Risk Assessment for Central Europe’ (TWRA-WG) protocol, specifically designed for Europe, and the ‘Australian Weed Risk Assessment system’ (TWRA) protocol, to identify invasive species, was tested. The TWRA-WG protocol was slightly more accurate in correctly identifying the invasive status of these species. The limitations of the protocols are discussed. In particular, the evaluation of the protocols highlighted their inefficiency for the Poaceae. In almost all cases, these species were classified as invasive, even when experts considered them to be non-invasive. This can be explained by the numerous traits possessed by many of these species, almost always classifying them as invasive. Furthermore, a slight, but significant sensitivity of the TWRA protocol was also detected in relation to the number of questions answered. The identified invasion status can therefore vary according to the amount of information available on the species. It would therefore be necessary to increase the minimum number of responses required to classify the status of a species. The protocols were applied to assess the invasive potential of 10 alien species not previously classified by experts. Among them, 6 species have been identified as invasive and should be included in the lists of species at risk on the island. The projection of species niches onto future climatic layers suggested that most of these species will be disadvantaged by climate change, as the climatically favourable range of seven of the nine modelled species is predicted to decrease by 2071-2100. In light of these results, it would be relevant to extend the analysis to other alien plant groups present on the Canary Islands. 34 genera contain alien species whose invasive status has yet to be determined in Tenerife. Such an approach would allow for the adaptation of invasive species management to account for their potential future distribution influenced by climate change, thereby helping to protect local biodiversity. Les invasions biologiques constituent une menace majeure pour la biodiversité mondiale et sont considérées comme l'un des principaux facteurs contribuant au déclin de la biodiversité. Depuis le XVIe siècle, le nombre de nouvelles espèces exotiques a augmenté de manière exponentielle. Les menaces posées par les espèces invasives sont encore exacerbées dans le contexte du changement climatique, d'où l'importance d'évaluer l'aire de répartition climatique d'ici la fin du siècle afin d'informer et d'adapter les techniques de gestion. Les protocoles d'évaluation des espèces invasives sont donc essentiels pour une détection précoce. Ceci est d'autant plus important dans les archipels océaniques comme les îles Canaries, qui sont depuis longtemps reconnus comme des systèmes écologiques particulièrement vulnérables aux invasions biologiques. L'objectif de ce mémoire est (i) d'évaluer et de tester les protocoles d'évaluation des risques liés aux espèces invasives afin de sélectionner l'outil prédictif le plus performant pour les espèces invasives à Tenerife, (ii) d'appliquer ces protocoles pour évaluer le risque d'invasion des espèces exotiques dont le statut sur l'île n'a pas encore été identifié, et (iii) de prédire comment ces risques d'invasion peuvent évoluer dans le contexte du changement climatique. Sur la base d'une série de traits documentés pour chacune des 113 espèces exotiques, appartenant aux Asparagaceae, Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Fabaceae, et Poaceae à Tenerife, comprenant à la fois des espèces envahissantes et non envahissantes, la capacité du protocole 'Risk Assessment for Central Europe' (TWRA-WG), spécifiquement conçu pour l'Europe, et du protocole 'Australian Weed Risk Assessment system' (TWRA), à identifier les espèces invasives, a été testée. Le protocole TWRA-WG a été légèrement plus précis pour identifier le statut invasif de ces espèces. Les limites des protocoles sont discutées. En particulier, l'évaluation des protocoles a mis en évidence leur inefficacité pour les Poaceae. Dans presque tous les cas, à cause des nombreux traits que possèdent beaucoup de ces espèces, elles ont été classées d’invasives, même lorsque les experts ne les considéraient pas comme tel. En outre, une sensibilité légère mais significative du protocole TWRA a également été détectée en fonction du nombre de questions auxquelles il a été répondu. Il serait donc nécessaire d'augmenter le nombre minimum de réponses requises pour classer le statut d'une espèce. Les protocoles ont ensuite été appliqués pour évaluer le potentiel invasif de 10 espèces exotiques qui n'avaient pas encore été classées par les experts. Parmi elles, 6 espèces ont été identifiées comme invasives et devraient être incluses dans les listes d'espèces présentant un danger pour la biodiversité de l'île. La projection des niches des espèces aliens sur les futures couches climatiques suggère que la plupart de ces espèces seront désavantagées par le changement climatique, puisque l'aire de répartition climatiquement favorable de sept des neuf espèces modélisées devrait diminuer d'ici 2071-2100. À la lumière de ces résultats, il serait pertinent d'étendre l'analyse aux 34 genres qui contiennent des espèces exotiques à Tenerife et dont le statut d'invasion n'a pas encore été déterminé. Une telle approche permettrait d'adapter la gestion des espèces invasives pour prendre en compte leur future distribution potentielle influencée par le changement climatique, aidant ainsi à protéger la biodiversité locale.
Invasives plants --- Canary islands --- Weed risk assessment --- ESM --- Plantes invasives --- îles Canaries --- ESM --- Evaluation du risque des plantes invasives --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie
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Requests for proposals (Public contracts) --- Public contracts --- Government policy --- Evaluation. --- ESM Group, Inc. --- United States. --- Procurement.
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Dans ce travail, l’accent va être porté sur une population lésée ainsi que sur les impacts qu’une lésion a pu avoir sur leur mémoire. On s’intéressera aux processus de segmentation, de binding et de compression temporelle. On évoquera également les limites actuelles des tests utilisés pour évaluer la mémoire épisodique. Une méthodologie incluant de nouvelles tâches plus écologiques sera au cœur de ce mémoire. Chaque année, de nombreuses personnes dans la population mondiale sont victimes d’une lésion cérébrale acquise (LCA). On constate que les LCA ont un impact sur la cognition dont la mémoire qui constituera le point central de cet écrit. La mémoire est une fonction cognitive qui permet d’encoder, de stocker et de récupérer des informations. L’encodage transforme une perception sensorielle en une trace mnésique. Le stockage peut se définir comme étant un procédé permettant le maintien d’une information en mémoire à court ou à long terme. La récupération permet à la personne de rappeler des informations précédemment encodées et stockées. La mémoire n’est pas une fonction unique mais bien un système complexe comprenant plusieurs sous-systèmes : la mémoire sensorielle, la mémoire à court terme, la mémoire à long terme comprenant la mémoire épisodique, sémantique, procédurale, le conditionnement classique et l’amorçage. Les précédents travaux et études ont permis de mettre en lumière les différentes composantes anatomiques du lobe temporal médian (ex : hippocampe). Les lobes frontaux sont essentiels dans le processus de récupération. Les impacts survenant à la suite d’une lésion sont fortement dépendants de la localisation de la lésion dans le cerveau. Trois processus sont intégrés dans la mémoire épisodique : la segmentation qui permet de diviser une activité, le binding qui regroupe plusieurs éléments épisodiques et la compression qui permet de condenser la durée réelle d’un évènement. A l’heure actuelle, les tests utilisés pour évaluer cette dite mémoire ne sont pas des plus écologiques. Une tâche va tenter de résoudre ce problème : la tâche d’évènements quotidiens utilisant une méthode innovante, l’Event Sampling Method (ESM). Lors des analyses réalisées, très peu de résultats ressortent significatifs. On peut juste évoquer un lien entre la richesse des souvenirs quotidiens et le moment où le sujet appuie pour diviser la vidéo en différentes actions ayant du sens pour lui. Suite à cette étude, on peut conclure que la méthodologie utilisée est innovante malgré quelques petits défauts à ajuster et que ce travail servira de tremplin à d’autres recherches tout aussi intéressantes sur le domaine.
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Art styles --- Art --- Graphic arts --- art [discipline] --- street art --- public spaces --- graphic arts --- kunst in de openbare ruimte --- Banksy --- 3D --- Alëxone --- Best Ever --- Blek le Rat --- Blu --- Burgerman, Jon --- D*Face --- Dscreet --- Eine --- ESM-Artificial --- Evoker --- Fairey, Shepard --- Hewlett, Jamie --- Horn Head --- Kinsey, Dave --- Meggs --- Miss. Tic --- Nimmo, Graeme --- Nomad --- olive47 --- Hornest, Alex --- Pinky --- Pure Evil --- Remed --- Roper, Kerry --- Scorn --- Sickboy --- Soto, Jeff --- Sweet Toof --- Swoon --- Talavera, Fefe --- The Krah --- Vhils --- Projeto CHÂ --- Insect --- Deadbeat Donny --- 9ème Concept --- anno 1900-1999 --- anno 2000-2099
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease in the sequel. Whereas the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function—in both the short- and long-term—is urgently needed. This Special Issue includes papers investigating the pathological mechanisms of renal inflammation and AKI and diagnostics using new biomarkers. Furthermore, experimental in vitro and in vivo studies examining potential new approaches to attenuate kidney dysfunction are included, as well as review articles.
inflammation --- chronic kidney disease --- anemia --- anemia of inflammation --- ESA hyporesponsiveness --- renal tubular epithelial cells --- macrophages --- lipocalin-2 --- iron --- cilastatin --- hypoxia inducible factor-1-α --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- acute kidney injury --- cyclophilin A --- fibrosis --- renal fibrosis --- tubular necrosis --- preeclampsia --- podocytes --- VEGF --- FSGS --- proteinuria --- endocan --- ESM-1 --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- biomarker --- diabetic nephropathy --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- innate immunity --- membranous nephropathy --- minimal change diseases --- TLR --- NOX1 --- ML171 --- reactive oxygen species --- ERK --- T cells --- glomerulonephritis --- chemokines --- renal disease --- DJ-1 --- ND-13 --- renal inflammation --- oxidative stress --- UUO --- autophagy --- apoptosis --- trehalose --- simvastatin --- endotoxin --- tubular apoptosis --- cytochrome C --- Bcl-XL --- survivin --- hypercholesterolemia --- xanthine oxidase --- NF-κB pathway --- tertiary lymphoid organs --- B cells --- BAFF --- kidney fibrosis --- myofibroblast activation --- extracellular matrix --- Hippo pathway --- verteporfin --- IgAN --- CKD --- progression --- ACEI --- corticosteroids --- costimulation --- coinhibition --- kidney transplant --- SPR --- protein binding affinity --- adaptive immunity --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- E. cava extracts --- dieckol --- spontaneously hypertensive rats --- angiotensin II --- n/a
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease in the sequel. Whereas the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function—in both the short- and long-term—is urgently needed. This Special Issue includes papers investigating the pathological mechanisms of renal inflammation and AKI and diagnostics using new biomarkers. Furthermore, experimental in vitro and in vivo studies examining potential new approaches to attenuate kidney dysfunction are included, as well as review articles.
Medicine --- inflammation --- chronic kidney disease --- anemia --- anemia of inflammation --- ESA hyporesponsiveness --- renal tubular epithelial cells --- macrophages --- lipocalin-2 --- iron --- cilastatin --- hypoxia inducible factor-1-α --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- acute kidney injury --- cyclophilin A --- fibrosis --- renal fibrosis --- tubular necrosis --- preeclampsia --- podocytes --- VEGF --- FSGS --- proteinuria --- endocan --- ESM-1 --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- biomarker --- diabetic nephropathy --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- innate immunity --- membranous nephropathy --- minimal change diseases --- TLR --- NOX1 --- ML171 --- reactive oxygen species --- ERK --- T cells --- glomerulonephritis --- chemokines --- renal disease --- DJ-1 --- ND-13 --- renal inflammation --- oxidative stress --- UUO --- autophagy --- apoptosis --- trehalose --- simvastatin --- endotoxin --- tubular apoptosis --- cytochrome C --- Bcl-XL --- survivin --- hypercholesterolemia --- xanthine oxidase --- NF-κB pathway --- tertiary lymphoid organs --- B cells --- BAFF --- kidney fibrosis --- myofibroblast activation --- extracellular matrix --- Hippo pathway --- verteporfin --- IgAN --- CKD --- progression --- ACEI --- corticosteroids --- costimulation --- coinhibition --- kidney transplant --- SPR --- protein binding affinity --- adaptive immunity --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- E. cava extracts --- dieckol --- spontaneously hypertensive rats --- angiotensin II --- inflammation --- chronic kidney disease --- anemia --- anemia of inflammation --- ESA hyporesponsiveness --- renal tubular epithelial cells --- macrophages --- lipocalin-2 --- iron --- cilastatin --- hypoxia inducible factor-1-α --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- acute kidney injury --- cyclophilin A --- fibrosis --- renal fibrosis --- tubular necrosis --- preeclampsia --- podocytes --- VEGF --- FSGS --- proteinuria --- endocan --- ESM-1 --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- biomarker --- diabetic nephropathy --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- innate immunity --- membranous nephropathy --- minimal change diseases --- TLR --- NOX1 --- ML171 --- reactive oxygen species --- ERK --- T cells --- glomerulonephritis --- chemokines --- renal disease --- DJ-1 --- ND-13 --- renal inflammation --- oxidative stress --- UUO --- autophagy --- apoptosis --- trehalose --- simvastatin --- endotoxin --- tubular apoptosis --- cytochrome C --- Bcl-XL --- survivin --- hypercholesterolemia --- xanthine oxidase --- NF-κB pathway --- tertiary lymphoid organs --- B cells --- BAFF --- kidney fibrosis --- myofibroblast activation --- extracellular matrix --- Hippo pathway --- verteporfin --- IgAN --- CKD --- progression --- ACEI --- corticosteroids --- costimulation --- coinhibition --- kidney transplant --- SPR --- protein binding affinity --- adaptive immunity --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- E. cava extracts --- dieckol --- spontaneously hypertensive rats --- angiotensin II
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This book focuses on the up-to-date studies on the sustainability with changing climate and extremes. The main contributors discussed the changing climate and extreme events, as well as their impacts on natural and human dimension sustainability, including the incorporated social–ecologic and socioeconomic processes. Special attention is given to four main sections: natural disasters in agriculture; urban/rural ecosystem, tourism, and ecosystem service; extreme climate indices, and newly created dataset for climate change.
Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- trade conflict --- carbon emissions --- import and export trade --- cooperative emission reduction --- meteorological hazards --- risk assessment --- spatial pattern --- population exposure --- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau --- climate change --- slope geohazards --- new geohazard clusters --- extreme cooling events --- Arctic Oscillation --- winter in China --- atmospheric circulation --- GPP --- CMIP6 --- ESM --- STA --- China --- warm days --- cold days --- warm nights --- cold nights --- hot days --- frost days --- compound drought and heatwave events --- complex network --- event synchronization --- atmospheric circulation patterns --- urban agglomeration --- drought --- heat wave --- flood --- GM (1, 1) --- Arctic --- universal thermal climate index (UTCI) --- spatial-temporal changes --- 1979–2019 --- ecosystem services trade-offs --- land-use change --- soil conservation --- carbon storage --- water yield --- precipitation gradient --- Loess Plateau --- climate hazards --- geospatial analysis --- urban adaptation --- risk management --- snow disaster --- risk zoning --- Heilongjiang Province --- precipitation --- model resolutions --- cold region of China --- spatiotemporal distribution --- spatiotemporal variation --- 1961–2019 --- high-resolution and high-quality precipitation data --- independent and non-independent test --- the 0.01° multi-source fusion precipitation product --- extreme precipitation event --- forest types --- NDVI --- AVHRR GIMMS --- temperature range --- precipitation range --- snow cover --- black carbon concentration --- radiative forcing --- northeast China --- high temperature --- mobile phone data --- impact factor --- Zhuhai City --- WRF model --- projection --- short-lived heatwave event --- long-lived heatwave event --- Yangtze River Basin --- central and western Pacific --- thermocline --- yellowfin tuna --- CPUE --- El Niño --- La Niña --- GAM model --- spring soil moisture --- impact mechanism --- Songnen Plain --- Sanjiang Plain --- maize --- diurnal temperature range --- fresh air index --- natural microclimate comfort index --- fresh air–natural microclimate comfort index --- scenic spots --- Fujian province --- extreme climate indices --- temporal and spatial dynamics --- linear trend --- climate abrupt change --- central China --- peanut drought --- Shandong Province --- natural disaster risk assessment principles --- dry-hot wind disaster --- Shandong province --- natural disaster risk assessment principle --- summer maize --- inter- and mixed cropping --- flowering period --- yield --- potato climatic productivity potential --- Inner Mongolia --- effect --- human mobility --- rainfall --- taxi GPS data --- community --- Zhuhai central areas --- citrus --- quality --- future projection --- state-owned forest farms --- human resource allocation --- industrial structure --- coordination and adaptation --- personal structure --- contiguous poverty-stricken areas --- rainstorms and droughts --- direct economic losses --- disaster-affected population --- drought and flood --- vulnerability --- risk prediction --- agroecosystem --- heatwaves --- population exposure change --- global warming --- 1.5 °C warming scenario --- 2.0 °C warming scenario --- n/a --- 1979-2019 --- 1961-2019 --- El Niño --- La Niña --- fresh air-natural microclimate comfort index
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