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Erithacus rubecula (European robin) is a common songbird from Europe and found in North Africa and Western Asia. Easily recognizable with its typical orange throat and melodious song, its winter ecological niche is not fully understood yet. Moreover, the European robin is what we call a "facultative non-breeding partial migrant", meaning that in one population, some individuals will show a migratory behavior whereas others will not. In addition, that status can vary from one year to another for a certain proportion of the population. Across this master thesis, the goal was to determine which abiotic and, less importantly, biotic factors are driving the winter habitat suitability of the European robin and what impact those factors could potentially have on its migratory behavior. I worked with the ecological niche modeling tool in R studio and Maxent/ GLM as algorithms to achieve this goal. The occurrences data were downloaded from the eBird Observation Dataset loaded on GBIF; the abiotic variables were downloaded from the WorldClim website and the biotic variables from the land-cover MOD44B. Once the variables and the algorithm settings were selected, models were fitted, assessed, statistically evaluated, and the habitat suitability maps were plotted. The results showed that even though the abiotic factors were the primary concern of this study, they explain 57% of the winter habitat suitability of the robin, which is less than was expected. Land-cover was thus also greatly contributing to characterize the ecological niche of the robin. Moreover, the temperature seasonality, the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, and the absence of land-cover had the most significant impact on the habitat suitability. Studies led in Belgium, Spain, and Portugal found that females and juveniles had greater chances to express a migratory behavior. Nevertheless, we can suggest that a high seasonality over the year, temperatures below 0.5°C and above 16.53°C, and a lack of vegetation superior to 40% could highly contribute to greater chances of witnessing migratory behavior of an individual. However, whether those variables im- pact the robin directly or indirectly requires further investigations which were not realized in the context of this master thesis.
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Fungal communities. --- Fungi --- Ecology. --- FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- ecology --- AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES --- NUTRIENTS --- CYCLES --- BIOMASS --- PRODUCTIVITY --- COMMUNITIES --- POPULATIONS --- ADAPTATION (PHYSIOLOGY) --- ECOLOGICAL NICHE --- THEORETICAL BIOLOGY --- FUNGI --- ECOLOGY --- DEVELOPMENT --- INTERACTIONS --- DISTRIBUTION
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The common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive alien species native to North America that has conquered Europe since the turn of the 20th century. Despite various observations in Belgium, the species has few presence data and is not very well-known in the Walloon region. The species causes extensive health and economic damage, as it is highly allergenic cultivated weed. Spatial modelling of areas favourable to the installation would allow better sensitization, as well as targeting of samples and management of the species. This study brings together different modeling methods used in the literature in order to better understand the issues encountered by modeling invasive species. Using the presence points and the Worldclim bioclimatic rasters of the native area, a first modeling was carried out by extrapolation over the Walloon territory. A temporal extrapolation was also performed on the model, to point the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of common ragweed. A second modeling was carried out using environmental data from ‘Lifewatch Ecotope’ and the Walloon presence data, despite their poor robustness. The model was validated with the AUC index, and the results of the two models showed favorable areas over a large part of the Walloon territory in the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Brabant Wallon and Liège. The variables constraining the extrapolated model the most are summer temperatures and precipitation as well as the variation in precipitation. The variables constraining the independent model the most are the minimum winter temperatures, the distance to the railways and the presence of soils with average drainage. The temporal extrapolation has shown that almost all of the Walloon territory will be favorable to the colonization of the common ragweed, with the exception of the east of the province of Luxembourg and the east of the province of Liège. The independent model performed less well than the extrapolated model, mainly because of the weakness of the data set used. It is important to remain attentive to the proliferation of common ragweed in the Walloon region. While it is not yet very harmful in the region, the potential damage it can cause is enough to raise as much awareness as possible among those involved in the introduction of the species and its management. It is essential to increase the number of observation points in the Walloon region in order to better understand the distribution of the species and to better fight against it in the future.
ragweed --- ambrosia artemisiifolia --- Species distribution model --- invasive species --- Maxent --- walloon region --- ecological niche model --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie
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STUDY --- RODENTS --- ECOLOGICAL NICHE --- MYCORRHIZAS --- FOREST MANAGEMENT --- FORESTS --- BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES --- CITY PLANNING --- MICROCLIMATE --- FOREST ECOLOGY --- GAME ANIMALS --- WILDLIFE --- BIOTELEMETRY --- INSECTS --- ADAPTATION (PHYSIOLOGY) --- PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY --- FERTILIZATION --- TREES --- BIRDS --- ECOLOGIE FORESTIERE
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Microbial ecology --- Basic Sciences. Microbiology --- Congresses. --- Microbiology (General) --- Microbiology (General). --- INDUSTRY --- UTILIZATION --- METALS --- BIOCONVERSIONS --- BIODEGRADATION --- RESPONSES --- ECOSYSTEMS --- PERTURBATION (PHYSIQUE) --- ACTIVITY --- MEASUREMENT --- BIOMASS --- BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES --- BIOLOGICAL CONTROL --- PREDATION --- COMPETITION --- GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM --- MICROFLORA --- PLANT DISEASES --- ECOLOGICAL NICHE --- ADHESION (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY) --- ADAPTATION (PHYSIOLOGY) --- THEORY --- MICROBIAL ECOLOGY --- PERTURBATION
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Nature conservation --- Biotic communities --- Ecosystem --- Biome --- Ecologic System --- Ecologic Systems --- Ecological System --- Habitat --- Niche, Ecological --- System, Ecological --- Systems, Ecological --- Ecosystems --- Biomes --- Ecological Niche --- Ecological Systems --- Habitats --- System, Ecologic --- Systems, Ecologic --- Ecology --- Environment --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Biotope network
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Physics --- Ecosystem management --- Conservation biology --- Ecosystèmes --- Biologie de la conservation --- Periodicals. --- Gestion --- Périodiques --- Conservation biology. --- Ecosystem management. --- Life Sciences --- Biology --- 57 --- 574 --- Biological sciences in general --- General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- Periodicals --- 574 General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- Ecosystem --- Ecosystem. --- Biology. --- Biotic communities --- Ecosystems management --- Biome --- Ecologic System --- Ecologic Systems --- Ecological System --- Habitat --- System, Ecological --- Systems, Ecological --- Biomes --- Ecological Systems --- Ecosystems --- Habitats --- System, Ecologic --- Systems, Ecologic --- Management --- Applied ecology --- Environmental management --- Nature conservation --- Biodiversity conservation --- Ecology --- Environment --- Niche, Ecological --- Ecological Niche
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581.524 --- 581.526 --- Plant ecology --- -Plant populations --- -Populations, Plant --- Population biology --- Botany --- Floristic ecology --- Phytoecology --- Plants --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology --- 581.526 Formational ecology --- Formational ecology --- 581.524 Associational ecology. Synecology --- Associational ecology. Synecology --- Congresses --- Plant populations - Congresses --- Plant ecology - Congresses --- Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- RHIZOSPHERE --- ENVIRONMENTS --- PLANTS --- ADAPTATION (PHYSIOLOGY) --- SOIL PROPERTIES --- PLANT GROWTH --- ECOLOGICAL NICHE --- ECOLOGY --- GENETICS --- POLYMORPHISM --- HETEROGENEITY --- CLONES --- DEMOGRAPHY --- REPRODUCTION --- SEEDS --- PHYTOCOENOSIS --- PROPERTIES --- STRUCTURES --- POPULATIONS --- ADAPTATION --- DISTRIBUTION --- Plant populations --- Congresses.
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Fungi --- -Mountain plants --- -Mycology --- -Botany --- Microbiology --- Alpine flora --- Alpine plants --- Alpine region plants --- Alpine vegetation --- Alpines (Plants) --- High altitude plants --- High altitude vegetation --- Montane plants --- Mountain flora --- Mountain vegetation --- Mountain wildlife --- Sub-alpine plants --- Sub-alpine vegetation --- Subalpine plants --- Subalpine vegetation --- Plants --- Fungal kingdom --- Fungus kingdom --- Funguses --- Mycobiota --- Mycota --- Cryptogams --- Mycology --- Congresses --- FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- -Congresses --- Mountain plants --- Botany --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology --- ALPS --- PARASITIC FUNGI --- MEETINGS --- ALPINE FLORA --- FUNGI --- ARCTIC REGIONS --- ENDOPHYTE --- MACROMYCETES --- ECOLOGICAL NICHE --- SCOTLAND --- ECOLOGY --- TAXONOMY
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This book provides a first synthetic view of an emerging area of ecology and biogeography, linking individual- and population-level processes to geographic distributions and biodiversity patterns. Problems in evolutionary ecology, macroecology, and biogeography are illuminated by this integrative view. The book focuses on correlative approaches known as ecological niche modeling, species distribution modeling, or habitat suitability modeling, which use associations between known occurrences of species and environmental variables to identify environmental conditions under which populations can be maintained. The spatial distribution of environments suitable for the species can then be estimated: a potential distribution for the species. This approach has broad applicability to ecology, evolution, biogeography, and conservation biology, as well as to understanding the geographic potential of invasive species and infectious diseases, and the biological implications of climate change. The authors lay out conceptual foundations and general principles for understanding and interpreting species distributions with respect to geography and environment. Focus is on development of niche models. While serving as a guide for students and researchers, the book also provides a theoretical framework to support future progress in the field.
Niche (Ecology). --- Niche (Ecology) --- Biogeography. --- Biogeography --- Mathematical models. --- Niche écologique --- Biogéographie --- Modèles mathématiques --- Microhabitat --- Biotic communities --- Competition (Biology) --- Ecology --- Habitat (Ecology) --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Geographical distribution --- Mathematical models --- BAM diagram. --- Eltonian Noise Hypothesis. --- Eltonian niche. --- Grinnellian niche. --- absence data. --- algorithm. --- ancillary data. --- biodiversity. --- biogeography. --- biotic interactions. --- biotically reduced niche. --- climate change. --- commission error. --- conservation biology. --- conservation planning. --- conservation reserve network planning. --- data preparation. --- data quality. --- disease distribution. --- disease ecology. --- disease transmission risk. --- disease transmission. --- distributional area. --- distributional ecology. --- diversification. --- ecological niche evolution. --- ecological niche modeling. --- ecological niche. --- ecology. --- environmental data. --- environmental space. --- epidemiology. --- evolutionary ecology. --- extinction risk. --- extrapolation. --- feedback loop. --- geographic distribution. --- geographic space. --- geography. --- habitat suitability modeling. --- hypervolume. --- infection. --- invasive species. --- macroecology. --- model calibration. --- model evaluation. --- model performance. --- model prediction. --- model projection. --- model significance. --- model. --- niche concept. --- niche conservatism. --- niche evolution. --- niche models. --- niche. --- nonequilibrium distribution. --- nonnative species. --- occupied distributional area. --- overfitting. --- pathogens. --- population biology. --- populations. --- potential distributional area. --- predictability. --- primary occurrence data. --- resolution. --- risk mapping. --- sampling bias. --- scenopoetic variables. --- sensitivity. --- sisterгpecies pairs. --- spatial extent. --- species distribution modeling. --- species distribution. --- species invasions. --- species limit. --- species occurrence. --- species reintroduction. --- statistical theory. --- transferability. --- unknown species.
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