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Non-elite or marginalized early modern women-among them the poor, migrants, members of religious or ethnic minorities, abused or abandoned wives, servants, and sex workers-have seldom left records of their experiences. Drawing on a variety of sources, including trial records, administrative paperwork, letters, pamphlets, hagiography, and picaresque literature, this volume explores how, as social agents, these doubly invisible women built and used networks and informal alliances to supplement the usual structures of family and community that often let them down. Ten essays, ranging widely in geography from the eastern Mediterranean to colonial Spanish America and in time from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, show how flexible, sometimes ad hoc relationships could provide crucial practical and emotional support for women who faced problems of livelihood, reputation, displacement, and violence.

Women --- Women --- Women --- Groupes de femmes --- Femmes --- Femmes --- Early modern history: c 1450/1500 to c 1700. --- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900. --- HISTORY / Modern / 17th Century. --- HISTORY / Modern / 18th Century. --- HISTORY / Women * --- Women --- Women --- Women --- European history. --- History of the Americas. --- Social and cultural history. --- Social networks --- History. --- Social conditions --- History. --- Social life and customs. --- Histoire. --- Conditions sociales. --- Mœurs et coutumes. --- Social conditions --- Social life and customs --- Social networks --- History, Art History, and Archaeology --- HIS --- Early Modern Studies --- EARLY MOD --- Gender and Sexuality Studies --- GEND & SEXU --- marginalized, religious or ethnic minorities, alliances, social agents

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At once collector, botanist, reader, artist, and patron, Agnes Block is best described as a cultural producer. A member of an influential network in her lifetime, today she remains a largely obscure figure. The socioeconomic and political barriers faced by early modern women, together with a male-dominated tradition in art history, have meant that too few stories of women's roles in the creation, production, and consumption of art have reached us. This book seeks to write Block and her contributions into the art and cultural history of the seventeenth-century Netherlands, highlighting the need for and advantages of a multifaceted approach to research on early modern women. Examining Block's achievements, relationships, and objects reveals a woman who was independent, knowledgeable, self-aware, and not above self-promotion. Though her gender brought few opportunities and many barriers, Agnes Block succeeded in fashioning herself as Flora Batava, a liefhebber at the intersection of art and science.

Sociology of culture --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Art --- art history --- Block, Agnes --- Netherlands --- Art, Dutch --- Art néerlandais --- History of art and design styles: c 1600 to c 1800. --- Individual artists, art monographs. --- ART / History / Renaissance. --- ART / Subjects & Themes / Plants & Animals. --- ART / Women Artists. --- History of art. --- Botanical art. --- Collectors and collecting --- Collectionneurs et collections --- Block, Agnes, --- Women and natural history; women participation in networks, women collectors, women cultural producers, women in knowledge communities --- Art néerlandais --- Collectors and collecting. --- Collectionneurs et collections. --- History, Art History, and Archaeology --- HIS --- Art and Material Culture --- ART & MAT --- Cultural Studies --- CULTURAL --- Dutch and The Netherlands --- DUTCH NL --- Early Modern Studies --- EARLY MOD --- Gender and Sexuality Studies --- GEND & SEXU --- Fashion and art. --- Feminism and art. --- Feminism and art --- History