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Temperate-zone forests have been shaped by fire, wind and grazing over thousands of years. This book provides a major contribution to the study of their dynamics by considering three important themes: • The combined influence of wind, fire and herbivory on the successional trajectories and structural characteristics of forests • The interaction of deciduous and evergreen tree species to form mosaics which, in turn, influence the environment and disturbance regime • The significance of temporal and spatial scale with regard to the overall impact of disturbances These themes are explored via case studies from the forests in the Lake States of the USA (Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan) where the presence of large primary forest remnants provides a unique opportunity to study the long-term dynamics of near-boreal, pine and hardwood-hemlock forests. The comparability of these forests to forests in other temperate zones allows generalizations to be made that may apply more widely.

Forest ecology --- Forest dynamics --- Dynamics, Forest --- Vegetation dynamics --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology

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Forest dynamics --- #KVIV:BB --- 630*228 --- 630*228 Constitution and composition of stands. Forms of stand --- Constitution and composition of stands. Forms of stand --- Dynamics, Forest --- Forest ecology --- Vegetation dynamics

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This book systematically discusses the vegetation dynamics in northern China since the LGM, with a focus on three dominant tree species (Pinus, Quercus and Betula). By integrating methods of palaeoecology, phylogeography and species distribution model, it reconstructs the glacial refugia in northern China, demonstrating that the species were located further north than previously assumed during the LGM. The postglacial dynamics of forest distribution included not only long-distance north-south migration but also local spread from LGM micro-refugia in northern China. On the regional scale, the book shows the altitudinal migration pattern of the three dominant tree genera and the role of topographical factors in the migration of the forest-steppe border. On the catchment scale, it analyzes Huangqihai Lake, located in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern China, to indentify the local forest dynamics response to the Holocene climatic change. It shows that local forests have various modes of response to the climate drying, including shrubland expansion, savannification and replacement of steppe. In brief, these studies at different space-time scales illustrate the effects of climate, topography and other factors on forest migration.

Forest dynamics --- Forest ecology --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Dynamics, Forest --- Vegetation dynamics --- Plant Ecology. --- Ecology. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Environmental Geography. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Botany --- Plants --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology --- Plant ecology.

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The aim of this book is to improve the understanding of forest dynamics and the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. How do tree crowns, trees or entire forest stands respond to thinning in the long term? What effect do tree species mixtures and multi-layering have on the productivity and stability of trees, stands or forest enterprises? How do tree and stand growth respond to stress factors such as climate change or air pollution? Furthermore, in the event that one has acquired knowledge about the effects of thinning, mixture and stress, how can one make that knowledge applicable to decision-making in forestry practice? The experimental designs, analytical methods, general relationships and models for answering questions of this kind are the focus of this book. Given the structures dealt with, which range from plant organs to the tree, stand and enterprise levels, and the processes analysed in a time frame of days or months to decades or even centuries, this book is directed at all readers interested in trees, forest stands and forest ecosystems. This work has been compiled for students, scientists, lecturers, forest planners, forest managers, and consultants.

Forest dynamics -- Computer simulation. --- Forest management. --- Forest dynamics --- Forest management --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Botany --- Plant Ecology --- Forestry --- Computer simulation --- Forest dynamics. --- Forest ecology. --- Forests and forestry --- Dynamics, Forest --- Ecology --- Life sciences. --- Landscape ecology. --- Forestry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Environmental management. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Environmental Management. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Forests and forestry. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Environmental management --- Landscape ecology --- Plant Sciences --- Environmental Management --- Landscape Ecology --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis --- Computer simulation. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Floristic botany