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Average most-favored-nation tariffs in the "Quad" (Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States) have fallen to about 5 percent. But tariffs more than three times the average most-favored-nation duty are not uncommon in the Quad and have a disproportionate effect on exports of least developed countries. Giving the poorest countries duty-free access for peak-tariff products would increase their total annual exports by roughly USD 2.5 billion.

Duty free importation --- Exports --- Tariff

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Average most-favored-nation tariffs in the "Quad" (Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States) have fallen to about 5 percent. But tariffs more than three times the average most-favored-nation duty are not uncommon in the Quad and have a disproportionate effect on exports of least developed countries. Giving the poorest countries duty-free access for peak-tariff products would increase their total annual exports by roughly USD 2.5 billion.

Duty free importation --- Exports --- Tariff

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Duty-free importation --- Law and legislation

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Evidence from Mercosur suggests that eliminating duty drawbacks for intra-regional exports would lead to increased counterlobbying against protection of intermediate products. Without the duty drawback, the common external tariff would have been an estimated 3.5 percentage points (25 percent) higher on average.

Duty-free importation --- Exports --- Protectionism --- Tariff

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Duty-free importation --- Airports --- Target marketing --- Market surveys --- Airports. --- Duty-free importation. --- Market surveys. --- Target marketing.