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In 1311, at the council of Vienne, William Durant the Younger (c. 1266-1330), the French bishop and count, demanded that general councils ought to meet every ten years in order to place effective limits on the papal plenitude of power because 'what touches all must be approved by all'. This is the first systematic interpretation of William Durant's remarkable project to transfer supreme legislative authority from the papacy to general councils. It suggests that the conciliar theory has a more ambivalent complexion than is sometimes recognized. It confirms, on the one hand, that constitutional ideas were deeply embedded in the tradition of the church, which enabled Durant to anticipate the council of Constance by more than a hundred years. On the other hand, Durant attributed an authority to ancient law that overrode his republican ideas, sapped their vitality, and launched him on a pursuit of the true meaning of the law that could end only in his transformation into an historian and a reluctant champion of monarchy. William Durant the Younger's ideas thus help us to understand both the origins of the conciliar theory and the transition from late medieval reform movements to early modern humanism and princely sovereignty.
Church and state --- -Popes --- -Holy See --- See, Holy --- Papacy --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- History --- Temporal power --- Duranti, William --- -Contributions in political science --- -History --- Popes --- Church history --- Temporal power of religious rulers --- Roman question --- Duranti, William, --- Durand, Guillaume, --- Durandus, Guillelmus, --- Durandus, Wilhelm, --- Durandus, William, --- Durant, William, --- Political and social views. --- Arts and Humanities --- History. --- Temporal power.
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Liturgy --- Iconography --- Durandus, Guilielmus [sr.] --- Art [Christian ] --- Art [Eclesiastical ] --- Art chrétien --- Art ecclésiastique --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Art religieux chrétien --- Art sacré --- Arts in the Church --- Christelijke iconografie --- Christelijke kunst en symboliek --- Christelijke symboliek --- Christian art and symbolism --- Christian symbolism --- Ecclesiastical art --- Godsdienstige kunst [Christelijke ] --- Iconografie [Christelijke ] --- Iconographie chrétienne --- Kerkelijke kunst --- Kunst [Christelijke ] --- Kunst [Godsdienstige ] [Christelijke ] --- Kunst [Kerkelijke ] --- Kunst [Sacrale ] --- Liturgics --- Liturgies et science de la liturgie --- Liturgieën en liturgiewetenschap --- Religious art [Christian ] --- Sacrale kunst --- Sacred art --- Symboliek [Christelijke ] --- Symbolisme chrétien --- Christian art and symbolism. --- Liturgics. --- Liturgie --- Durand, Guillaume, --- 246.3 --- Liturgiology --- Public worship --- Liturgies --- Art, Christian --- Art, Ecclesiastical --- Arts in the church --- Religious art, Christian --- Symbolism and Christian art --- Art --- Symbolism --- Christian antiquities --- Church decoration and ornament --- Beelden in kerken. Beeldenverering. Iconoclasme --- Durantis, Guilelmus --- 246.3 Beelden in kerken. Beeldenverering. Iconoclasme --- Guillelmus Durantus --- Durandus, Guillelmus --- Durand, Guillaume --- Durandus Mimatensis --- Durantis, Wilhelm --- Durandus, Wilhelm --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Duranti, Guilelmus --- Religious art --- Symbolism in art
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