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The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (generally referred to as the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA) substantially expanded the federal Medicare program by creating the prescription drug benefit known as Part D. In fiscal year 2013, Medicare Part D covered 39 million people. The federal government spent 59 billion net of premiums on Part D in that year; after accounting for certain payments from states under the program, the net federal cost was 50 billion, which represented 10 percent of net federal spending for Medicare. This book discusses the cost tr

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This series from the NBER presents new research by leading economists on current health care policy issues. The papers in this seventh volume, originally presented at the annual Frontiers in Health Policy Research conference held in Washington D.C. in the summer of 2003, reflect the economic challenges faced by policymakers and health care professionals in an age of budget deficits. Topics discussed include prescription drug benefits as a stand-alone component of Medicare, disability rates and Medicare costs, and conversion to for-profit health plans.

Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Public Health - General --- Health insurance --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical services insurance --- Medicare --- Nonprofit organizations --- Privatization --- Insurance --- Medical policy --- Medical economics --- Prices --- Costs --- Plans --- Economic aspects --- ECONOMICS/Health Economics --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/Public Policy & Law --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Drug benefit plans --- Drug insurance --- Insurance, Pharmaceutical services --- Pharmaceutical insurance --- Prepaid prescription drug plans --- Prescription drug insurance --- Prescription drug programs --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Chemotherapy --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Underwriting --- Finance --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Corporations, Nonprofit --- Non-profit organizations --- Non-profit sector --- Non-profits --- Nonprofit sector --- Nonprofits --- Not-for-profit organizations --- NPOs --- Organizations, Nonprofit --- Tax-exempt organizations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Older people --- Medicaid --- Medigap --- Government policy

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Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services. --- Pharmaceutical services insurance --- Assurance-médicaments --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Pharmaceutical services insurance. --- United States. --- Insurance, Pharmaceutic Services --- Insurance, Pharmacy Services --- Pharmaceutic Services Insurance --- Pharmaceutical Services Insurance --- Pharmacy Services Insurance --- Drug Benefit Plans --- Drug Insurance --- Prescription Insurance --- Drug Benefit Plan --- Insurance, Drug --- Insurance, Prescription --- Plan, Drug Benefit --- Plans, Drug Benefit --- Drug benefit plans --- Drug insurance --- Insurance, Pharmaceutical services --- Pharmaceutical insurance --- Prepaid prescription drug plans --- Prescription drug insurance --- Prescription drug programs --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Pharmacy Administration --- Insurance --- AB --- America (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattn --- Saharat ʻAmērik --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené staty americk --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheirice --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígí --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- Health Insurance and Medicare Legislation - U.S. --- Spojené obce severoamerick --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Spojené obce severoamerické

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Daniel M. Fox gives an incisive assessment of the critical collaboration between researchers and public officials that has recently emerged to evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of health services. Drawing on research as well as his first-hand experience in policymaking, Fox's broad-ranging analysis describes how politics, public finance and management, and advances in research methods made this convergence of science and governance possible. The book then widens into a sweeping history of central issues in research on health services and health governance during the past century. Returning to the past decade, Fox looks closely at how policy informed by research has been made and implemented in public programs that cover pharmaceutical drugs in most American states. This case study illuminates how politics has informed the questions, methods, and reception of research on health services, and also sheds new light on how research has informed politics and public management. Looking toward the future, Fox describes the promise, as well as the fragility, of the convergence of science and governance, making his book essential reading for those struggling to revise health care in the United States over the next several years.

Politics --- History, 21st Century --- History, 20th Century --- Health Services Research --- Health Policy --- Government Programs --- Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services --- National health services --- Pharmaceutical policy --- Medical policy --- Insurance, Pharmaceutic Services --- Insurance, Pharmacy Services --- Pharmaceutic Services Insurance --- Pharmaceutical Services Insurance --- Pharmacy Services Insurance --- Drug Benefit Plans --- Drug Insurance --- Prescription Insurance --- Drug Benefit Plan --- Insurance, Drug --- Insurance, Prescription --- Plan, Drug Benefit --- Plans, Drug Benefit --- Pharmacy Administration --- Government Sponsored Programs --- Government-Sponsored Programs --- Government Program --- Government Sponsored Program --- Government-Sponsored Program --- Program, Government --- Program, Government Sponsored --- Program, Government-Sponsored --- Programs, Government --- Programs, Government Sponsored --- Programs, Government-Sponsored --- National Health Programs --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Action Research --- Health Services Evaluation --- Healthcare Research --- Research, Medical Care --- Health Care Research --- Medical Care Research --- Research, Health Services --- Evaluation, Health Services --- Evaluations, Health Services --- Health Services Evaluations --- Research, Action --- Research, Health Care --- Research, Healthcare --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 21st Cent. History (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. History of Medicine --- 21st Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 21st Century --- History of Medicine, 21st Cent. --- History, Twenty-first Century --- Medical History, 21st Cent. --- Medicine, 21st Cent. --- 21st Century History --- 21st Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. Medicines --- 21st Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 21st --- Cent. Medicines, 21st --- Century Histories, 21st --- Century Histories, Twenty-first --- Century History, 21st --- Century History, Twenty-first --- Histories, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 21st Century --- Histories, Twenty-first Century --- History, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- History, Twenty first Century --- Medicines, 21st Cent. --- Twenty-first Century Histories --- Twenty-first Century History --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Dissent and Disputes --- history --- american health policies. --- case studies. --- civic. --- disease. --- easy to read. --- engaging. --- governance. --- government. --- health care revision. --- health governance. --- health policy. --- health services. --- medicine. --- nonfiction. --- pharmaceutical drugs. --- policy makers. --- policymaking. --- political. --- politics. --- public finance. --- public management. --- public officials. --- public policy. --- public programs. --- research methods. --- research. --- science. --- students and teachers. --- textbooks. --- theoretical. --- united states.