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The papyri transmit a part of the testimonia relevant to pre-Socratic philosophy. The ʼCorpus dei Papiri Filosofici' takes this material only partly into account. In this volume, a team of specialists discusses some of the most important papyrological texts that are major instruments for reconstructing pre-Socratic philosophy and doxography. Furthermore, these texts help to increase our knowledge of how pre-Socratic thought - through contributions to physics, cosmology, ethics, ontology, theology, anthropology, hermeneutics, and aesthetics - paved the way for the canonic scientific fields of European culture. More specifically, each paper tackles (published and unpublished) papyrological texts concerning the Orphics, the Milesians, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the early Atomists, and the Sophists. For the first time in the field of pre-Socratics studies, several papers are devoted to the Herculanean sources, along with others concerning the Graeco-Egyptian papyri and the Derveni Papyrus.

Pre-Socratic philosophers --- Manuscripts, Greek (Papyri) --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Ancient Philosophy. --- Doxography. --- Papyrology. --- Presocratic tradition.

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Der griechische Arzt Soran aus Ephesos (ca. 100-140 n. Chr.), von dem neben Fragmenten zu medizinischen, sprachwissenschaftlichen und philosophischen Themen nur eine Schrift über die Frauenheilkunde vollständig überliefert ist, gehörte der philosophischen Schule der Methodiker an. So bewegt sich auch das Traktat Peri Psyches, das von Tertullian in De Anima als Quelle herangezogen wurde, auf der Grenze zwischen Physiologie und Philosophie. Trotz der Probleme, die aus dem fragmentarischen Zustand des Textes resultieren, vermittelt dieser einen Einblick in die Gesamtheit der Lehre des Arztes. Im Zentrum steht dabei für Soran die korpuskulare Physik. Die Seele begreift er als im Leib durch Kanäle verstreute, materielle Substanz, deren leitendes Vermögen sich im Herzen befindet. Sie nährt sich von stofflicher Nahrung, wächst, verkümmert und stirbt gleichzeitig mit dem Körper. Das Erkenntnisvermögen der Seele ist auf sensualistische Weise erklärt. Hier liegt die Bedeutung Sorans für die hellenistische Immanenzphilosophie, die er gegen die Einwände der Mittelplatoniker verteidigt.

Soul. --- Soranus, --- Pneuma --- Future life --- Philosophical anthropology --- Theological anthropology --- Animism --- Spirit --- Doxography. --- Greek Medicine. --- Hellenistic Philosophy / Reception. --- Hellenistic Theories of the Soul.

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This book discusses Lucretius’ refutation of Heraclitus, Empedocles, Anaxagoras and other, unnamed thinkers in De Rerum Natura 1, 635-920. Chapter 1 argues that in DRN I 635-920 Lucretius was following an Epicurean source, which in turn depended on Theophrastean doxography. Chapter 2 shows that books 14 and 15 of Epicurus’ On Nature were not Lucretius’ source-text. Chapter 3 discusses how lines 635-920 fit in the structure of book 1 and whether Lucretius’ source is more likely to have been Epicurus himself or a neo-Epicurean. Chapter 4 focuses on Lucretius’ own additions to the material he derived from his sources and on his poetical and rhetorical contributions, which were extensive. Lucretius shows an understanding of philosophical points by adapting his poetical devices to the philosophical arguments. Chapter 4 also argues that Lucretius anticipates philosophical points in what have often been regarded as the ‘purple passages’ of his poem - e.g. the invocation of Venus in the proem, and the description of Sicily and Aetna - so that he could take them up later on in his narrative and provide an adequate explanation of reality.

Didactic poetry, Latin --- Philosophy, Ancient, in literature. --- Sources. --- Lucretius Carus, Titus. --- Épicure (0341-0270 av. J.-C.) --- Lucrèce, --- Epicurus. --- Epicurus --- Influence --- Influence. --- Epicurus. On nature. --- Lucretius Carus, Titus. De rerum natura. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Épicure --- Lucrèce --- Doxographie. --- Doxography. --- Epikur. --- Herculaneum Papyri. --- Lucretius. --- Lukrez. --- Papyri aus Herculaneum. --- Reception of Presocratics. --- Rezeption der Vorsokratiker. --- PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / Ancient & Classical.