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Women farmers in the Western Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) bear the disproportionate burden of unpaid care work. Women spend less time than men on their plots and more time on domestic work. The authors use a combination of consultations in the field, desk research, and primary data collection to understand the patterns of time allocation in rural households in Western DRC. The gender differences in time allocation are striking where the female plot managers do 1 hour and 52 minutes more of domestic work per day than male plot managers. The gender differences are higher in male-headed households, and female plot managers spend significantly more time taking care of children when farming or going to market than their male counterparts. The agricultural productivity of female plot managers is on average twenty six percent lower than that of male plot managers. Having young children is associated with lower productivity for women but not for men. With the support of various stakeholders, the authors will pilot the provision of childcare services in the targeted region. The authors will rigorously evaluate the importance of these services on women's time allocation to productive activities, as well as their productivity.

Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Domestic Work --- Empowerment --- Gender --- Gender and Economics --- Inequality --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Poverty Reduction

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This book examines how language is a central resource in transforming migrant women into transnational domestic workers. Focusing on the migration of women from the Philippines to Singapore, the book unpacks why and how language is embedded in the infrastructure of transnational labor migration that links migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries. It sheds light on the everyday lives of transnational domestic workers and how they draw on their linguistic repertoires, and in particular on English, as they cross geographical and social spaces. By showing how the transnational mobility of labor is dependent on the selection and performance of particular assemblages of linguistic resources that index migrants as labor and not as people, the book provides a powerful lens with which to examine how migration contributes to relationships of inequality and how such inequalities are produced and challenged on the terrain of language.

Foreign workers, Filipino --- Women foreign workers --- Women household employees --- English language --- Language and languages --- Language. --- Social aspects --- Economic aspects --- English. --- domestic work. --- labour migration. --- migration. --- multilingualism. --- transnationalism.

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Häusliche Pflege-Arrangements in Deutschland funktionieren häufig nur, weil eine ausländische Live-in-Pflegekraft beschäftigt wird. Der Bekanntheitsgrad dieses Versorgungsmodells steht seinem rechtlich unsicheren Kontext gegenüber. Wie werden die Arbeitsverhältnisse mit Live-in-Betreuungskräften von Angehörigen Pflegebedürftiger ausgestaltet? Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, welche Wissens- und Handlungsmuster die befragten Personen anleiten. Home care arrangements in Germany often only work because a live-in migrant care worker is employed in the private household. The level of awareness of this care model is diametrically opposed to a legally uncertain context. How are home employment relationships with live-in care workers structured by relatives of people in need of care? This book shows which patterns of knowledge and action exist in this grey labour market.

Arbeitssoziologie --- domestic work --- graue Arbeitsmärkte --- grauer Pflegearbeitsmarkt --- grey labour markets --- grounded theory methodology --- Grounded Theory --- häusliche Arbeitsverhältnisse --- intimate labour --- labour sociology --- microsociology --- Mikrosoziologie --- neue Wirtschaftssoziologie --- new economic sociology --- graue Arbeitsmärkte --- häusliche Arbeitsverhältnisse

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A stirring account of the experiences of migrant domestic workers, and what freedom, abuse, and power mean within a vast contract labor system. In the United Arab Emirates, there is an employment sponsorship system known as the kafala. Migrant domestic workers within it must solely work for their employer, secure their approval to leave the country, and obtain their consent to terminate a job. In Unfree, Rhacel Salazar Parreñas examines the labor of women from the Philippines, who represent the largest domestic workforce in the country. She challenges presiding ideas about the kafala, arguing that its reduction to human trafficking is, at best, unproductive, and at worst damaging to genuine efforts to regulate this system that impacts tens of millions of domestic workers across the globe. The kafala system technically renders migrant workers unfree as they are made subject to the arbitrary authority of their employer. Not surprisingly, it has been the focus of intense scrutiny and criticism from human rights advocates and scholars. Yet, contrary to their claims, Parreñas argues that most employers do not abuse domestic workers or maximize the extraction of their labor. Still, the outrage elicited by this possibility dominates much of public discourse and overshadows the more mundane reality of domestic work in the region. Drawing on unparalleled data collected over 4 years,this book diverges from previous studies as it establishes that the kafala system does not necessarily result in abuse, but instead leads to the absence of labor standards. This absence is reflected in the diversity of work conditions across households, ranging from dehumanizing treatment, infantilization, to respect and recognition of domestic workers. Unfree shows how various stakeholders, including sending and receiving states, NGOs, inter-governmental organizations, employers and domestic workers, project moral standards to guide the unregulated labor of domestic work. They can mitigate or aggravate the arbitrary authority of employers. Parreñas offers a deft and rich portrait of how morals mediate work on the ground, warning against the dangers of reducing unfreedom to structural violence.

Contract labor --- Foreign workers, Filipino --- Women foreign workers --- Women household employees --- Social conditions. --- Arab States. --- Dubai. --- Philippine migration. --- United Arab Emirates. --- forced labor. --- human trafficking. --- migrant domestic work. --- modern-day slavery. --- women and migration. --- ‹i›kafala‹/i›.

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"Das bisschen Haushalt": Wer in Paarbeziehungen welche Routine-Hausarbeiten übernimmt, ist nach wie vor eine Frage des Geschlechts. Die Studie setzt sich mit innerhäuslichen Arbeitsteilungsarrangements in Paarbeziehungen im Zusammenhang mit dem von Studien der Familiensoziologie mittlerweile vernachlässigten Machtaspekt auseinander. Um die Kontinuität der traditionellen Arbeitsteilung in europäischen Regionen erklären zu können, wird eine theoretische Macht-Typologie entwickelt, die empirisch anhand einer Mehrebenenanalyse überprüft wird. Who does the dishes and cleans the bathroom? In couple relationships it is still a question of gender who does the majority of housework. The study deals with domestic work arrangements in couple relationships in connection with the aspect of power, which has been neglected by studies of family sociology. In order to explain the continuity of the traditional division of labour in European regions, a theoretical typology of power is developed.

criticism of egalitarianism --- domestic work --- Egalitarismuskritik --- europäischer Regionenvergleich (NUTS1) --- gender equality --- Gender --- Geschlechtergerechtigkeit --- Hausarbeiten --- Macht --- Mehrebenenanalyse --- multilevel analysis --- power-capabilities approach --- Power-Capability Approach --- power --- regional comparison (NUTS1) --- reproductive work --- Reproduktionsarbeit --- traditional division of household labor --- traditionelle innerhäusliche Arbeitsteilung