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"Documentary feature films have historically existed on the margins of mainstream media. In the U.S., enterprising documentarians have spent most of the past 60 years struggling to find a larger, broader audience for their films. Often negatively associated with longform television journalism and tedious educational programming, documentaries have rarely escaped their perceived status as "cultural vegetables" - good for you, but relatively unappealing. Recently, this marginal status has shifted quite dramatically. Nearly unthinkable a decade ago, documentary films have become reliable earners at the U.S. box office. In 2018 alone, Won't You Be My Neighbor? made almost $23 million, They Shall Not Grow Old and Free Solo each earned almost $18 million, RBG netted $14 million, and Three Identical Strangers earned $12 million. In addition to their theatrical presence, documentary films are ubiquitous on cable channels and streaming video services, which have made documentary programming a key component of their offerings to subscribers. In 2019, Netflix paid the highest price for a documentary out of the Sundance Film Festival: $10 million for Knock Down the House about four working-class women, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, running for Congress in the 2018 midterm elections. Longtime documentary champion and former head of HBO Documentary Sheila Nevins said that Netflix was playing with "Monopoly money" by acquiring the documentary at such a high price, but she also granted that this was a trend across the board. Industry journalists took note. This surge in popularity had made documentaries nearly ubiquitous. In 2019, think-pieces from CBS News, NPR, Los Angeles Times, and The Ringer all simultaneously proclaimed a new Golden Age of Documentary. With broad public interest and robust investment in their production, documentary films are definitively more popular and prestigious than ever before"--
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Theorizing documentary is the first work to address a wide range of theoretical issues specific to the documentary form. Documentaries encompass a wide range of forms - educational TV, personality profiles, ethnography, cine-poems, polemic tracts, and autobiography. What unites these types of film is their common bond with the "historical real", the domain of lived experience. Today, as fictional and nonfictional forms are becoming increasingly hybrid (TV docu-drama, historically based feature films, virtual reality, tabloid television), the question "what is a documentary ?" is particularly compelling. This book offers original essays by leading critics and theorists, addressing key questions : How fictional is nonfiction ? What gets to count on film as history - and why ? To what extent are representational forms adequate substitutes for social-historical phenomena ? Can one culture (or subculture) ever be translated for another ? How have standards of documentary authenticity changed over time ?
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Le documentaire est un style à part, né loin des studios avec le développement des caméras légères. De Robert Flaherty à Raymond Depardon, les noms qui jalonnent son histoire témoignent de sa participation active à l'élaboration et au développement du langage cinématographique. Cet ouvrage est depuis longtemps la référence de l'étudiant comme du cinéphile. Du cinéma muet à l'image numérique, il retrace l'histoire de cet « autre cinéma » à travers les continents, en analysant son esthétique originale et sa confrontation au réel. À l'occasion de cette cinquième édition, les biographies et les filmographies de cinéastes majeurs ont été actualisées, et deux études ajoutées, consacrées aux récents National Gallery de Frederick Wiseman et À la recherche de Vivian Maier de John Maloof et Charlie Siskel.
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In the digital age, we often encounter analog photographs as things that - after having been stored away, lost, or even thrown away - are (re)found. The fascination with such found photographs is reflected in a striking way in contemporary essay and documentary film. Found photo films are an essayistic documentary form that has emerged since the turn of the millennium: Films that work with left-behind, rescued, or found convolutions of photographic images, collecting, selecting, and placing them in a new context. They stand in a field of tension between popular aestheticization and re-auratization of analog media in the course of digitalization as well as a long tradition of cinematically reflecting the materiality and mediality of film by working with photography and found footage. Charlotte Praetorius explores such appropriations of analog photographs through a corpus of international films: How do filmmakers relate to photographic found footage? How do the narratives and the narrativity of photography and history intertwine? How is the photographic material arranged and staged? And how can the relationships between different media and materials be grasped? In doing so, Praetorius is also concerned with taking the forms of documentary and essayistic film seriously as a medium for reflecting on (media) history and at the same time also critically questioning them.
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