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Discrimination --- Law and legislation --- Human rights --- Europe --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries
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Discrimination --- Law and legislation --- Human rights --- Social ethics --- European law --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries
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Human rights --- Europe --- -342.085094 --- Bias --- -Discrimination --- Discrimination --- Law and legislation --- 342.085094 --- Uh8 --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries
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Since the year 2000, the material and personal scope of EU non-discrimination law has been significantly broadened and has challenged national courts to introduce a comprehensive equality framework into their national law to correspond with the European standard. The book provides a multi-layered culturally informed comparison of juridical approaches to EU (in)direct sex and sexualities discrimination and its implementation in Germany and the Netherlands. It examines how and why national courts apply national non-discrimination law with a European origin differently, although the legislation derives from the same set of EU law and the national courts have to respect the interpretive competence of the CJEU. The book provides valuable insights into the national and European context which shape the dialogue and influences of the courts inter se, the national application of EU law, and the harmonisation process within the area of gender equality law and beyond. A Dutch and German comparison is of special interest here because both countries' approaches towards non-discrimination law are quite different despite the similarities in the respective legal systems; they are founding members of the EU, they are neighbours, they are civil law countries, and their legal systems are relatively similar at least compared to Scandinavian and common law jurisdictions. Therefore, the different reception EU non-discrimination law cannot simply be explained by obvious differences between the legal systems. Their comparison thus provides an interesting case study to uncover legal and non legal, cultural and historic, factors which influence the application of EU non-discrimination law in both countries. The book is of interest for EU, comparative and equality lawyers.
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Human rights --- European Union --- -Discrimination --- -341.76 --- Uk1.i --- Bias --- -Human rights --- Discrimination --- Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- 341.76 --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- DROIT EUROPEEN --- PRINCIPES --- PRINCIPE DE NON-DISCRIMINATION --- ARTICLE 13 EC
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Human rights --- Europe --- Discrimination --- Equality before the law --- Law and legislation --- Equal rights --- Civil rights --- Justice --- Equal rights amendments --- Bias --- Interpersonal relations --- Minorities --- Toleration --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Equality before the law - European Union countries --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries - Cases --- Equality before the law - European Union countries - Cases --- Droit constitutionnel --- Droits et libertés --- Droits fondamentaux --- Egalité de traitement --- Union européenne --- égalité --- Non discrimination
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Sociology of minorities --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Human rights --- Discrimination --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation. --- Bias --- Interpersonal relations --- Minorities --- Toleration --- Anti-discrimination laws --- Civil rights --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - Great Britain --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Discrimination - Law and legislation
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Egalité et non-discrimination ne sont-elles que deux manières d'exprimer la même chose ? La question est suscitée par l'emploi, quantitativement considérable, de l'une et de l'autre de ces deux notions dans la jurisprudence communautaire et par la diversité des situations dans lesquelles le juge se réfère à l'une ou à l'autre. Dans l'ordre juridique communautaire, l'égalité a les caractères d'une norme idéale. Dès lors, l'application, par le juge, du principe d'égalité renvoie nécessairement à la représentation de ce qui est juste. Le principal objectif de l'ouvrage est de confronter la jurisprudence aux différentes conceptions de la justice proposées par la philosophie du droit (justice matérielle et justice formelle, notamment). Cette jurisprudence est édifiée autour d'une distinction classique entre égalité par la généralité de la norme juridique et égalité par la différenciation de traitement. Dans son rôle d'interprète du droit communautaire, la Cour précise ainsi les éléments d'un ordre égalitaire qui sert de cadre à l'application des principes plus spécifiques d'égalité de traitement et de non-discrimination. Le principe de non-discrimination constitue à la fois l'instrument privilégié et une expression particulière du principe fondamental d'égalité. Toutefois, si l'égalité envisage une relation entre individus, la non-discrimination concerne plus directement l'activité juridique. L'auteur s'attache donc à analyser les techniques permettant de qualifier la discrimination : méthodes de comparaison des situations, justification de l'identité de traitement comme de la différenciation (notion de discrimination matérielle), recours au principe de proportionnalité. Un contrôle exigeant de l'absence de discrimination matérielle présente un caractère immédiatement opératoire, puisqu'il permet de trouver, en égalité, des solutions auxquelles l'application du principe d'égalité ne saurait parvenir seule. La Cour de justice joue ainsi de manière particulièrement subtile de ces deux principes, non contradictoires, puisque, fondamentalement, l'un suppose l'autre tandis qu'ils fonctionnent, à certains égards, de manière autonome.
European law --- Equality before the law --- Discrimination --- Egalité devant la loi --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- Egalité devant la loi --- Equality before the law - European Union countries. --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Communautés européennes, Cour de justice --- Égalité devant la loi -- Pays de l'Union européenne
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Discrimination in employment --- Equal pay for equal work --- Sex discrimination --- Discrimination dans l'emploi --- Egalité de rémunération --- Discrimination sexuelle --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Egalité de rémunération --- European Union countries --- Sex discrimination in employment --- Sex discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Éducation, formation --- Book
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