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Today's globalised society highly depends on reliable infrastructure systems like transportation and telecommunication. This doctoral dissertation presents a methodology to identify critical road infrastructures. Critical road sections are those whose failure would entail large costs to society. The dissertation also accounts for aspects like multiple road disruptions and probabilities of failure. Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany serves as a case study area.
Critical Infrastructure --- Economic Loss --- Discrete Choice Theory --- Risk --- Transport Modelling
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This paper introduces a computationally efficient method for estimating structural parameters of dynamic discrete choice models with large choice sets. The method is based on Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) regression, which is widely used in the international trade and migration literature to estimate the gravity equation. Unlike most of the existing methods in the literature, it does not require strong parametric assumptions on agents' expectations, thus it can accommodate macroeconomic and policy shocks. The regression requires count data as opposed to choice probabilities; therefore it can handle sparse decision transition matrices caused by small sample sizes. As an example application, the paper estimates sectoral worker mobility in the United States.
Discrete Choice Models --- Gravity Equation --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor Mobility --- Migration --- Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood
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This master thesis covers the evolution of households’ attractiveness towards risky investment over five time periods. The aim is to perform an empirical study on households’ investment decision by using the second proposition of Chou (2016) on dynamic programming with discrete choices. We defined the investment decision from households’ net total income and households’ health condition. Estimations are categorized regarding some exclusion restrictions depending on the level of education and the gender. The gross sample used is a longitudinal sample coming from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, most commonly known as SHARE. Our final sample gathers 3,551 individuals from nine different countries which in the first period of observations, which is 2004, are aged between 50 and 65 years old. We follow the evolution of their decision until 2014. From the final sample, two important points influenced the direction of our investigation. The first one is the age range used. It represents individuals that are coming closer the retirement age or just reach that life transition. Therefore, their financial goals are different from others age range and optimal decision toward their saving allocation is required. The second is the period studied. It includes the global financial crisis. Henceforth, different behaviours are expected with respect to the period before and after the crisis. From the literature review, two main results appear. Income from public pension is not sufficient to maintain individuals’ living standards and cover their potential need for long-term care assistance when ageing. The ageing process combined with the global financial crisis have entails important shortfalls in pension funding. This underfunded problem is also the responsibility of institutional sponsors that suffers from various distortions and individuals’ intrinsic characteristics. It is therefore up to households get more involved and become actor in the preparation of their pension by boosting their retirement savings. From households’ budgeting rules, an optimal behaviour was determined. 20% of income has to be allocated to savings (Trulia, 2016). In addition, for age categories above 40 years old, savings should in priority be invested for retirement. Our investment decision has therefore been defined with respect to that optimal behaviour. Our estimations enable us to observe differences in intertemporal utility expressed in terms of differences in current utility and differences in continuation for the four exclusion restrictions defined at the beginning. The poor results in differences in continuation values suggest that households’ risk aversion is important - individuals’ express negative expectations toward a future positive benefit – and that only a minority of households adopt the optimal behaviour. Some explanations for households’ risk aversion can be founded in incentive effects and the uncertainty resulting of the global financial crisis. However, complementary investigations are necessary to obtain the full picture regarding investors risk preferences. We already covers individuals’ lack of discernment and imperfect foresight as bias interfering in their decision but we recommend to perform to study with wealth as an indicator of investment intensity and measure the risk aversion for different investment strategies.
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Municipal solid waste management continues to be a major challenge for local governments in both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the key issues is their financial constraints. Recently an economic analysis was conducted in Eryuan, a poor county located in Yunnan Province of China, where willingness to pay for an improved solid waste collection and treatment service was estimated and compared with the project cost. This study finds that the mean willingness to pay is about 1 percent of household income and the total willingness to pay can basically cover the total cost of the project. The analysis also shows that the poorest households in Eryuan are not only willing to pay more than the rich households in terms of income percentage in general, but also are willing to pay no less than the rich in absolute terms where no solid waste services are available; the poorest households have stronger demand for public solid waste management services while the rich have the capability to take private measures when public services are not available.
Contingent valuation method --- Economic analysis --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Multiple bounded discrete choice --- Municipal solid waste management --- Small towns --- Urban Solid Waste Management --- Waste Disposal & Utilization
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Improvement of energy efficiency is one of the main options to reduce energy demand and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine. However, large-scale deployment of energy efficient technologies has been constrained by several financial, technical, information, behavioral, and institutional barriers. This study assesses these barriers through a survey of 500 industrial and commercial firms throughout Ukraine. The results from the survey were used in a cumulative multi-logit model to understand the importance of the barriers. The analysis shows that financial barriers caused by high upfront costs of energy efficient technologies, higher costs of finance, and higher opportunity costs of energy efficiency investment are key barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency measures in Ukraine. Institutional barriers particularly lack government policies, which also contributes to the slow adoption of energy efficient technologies in the country. The results suggest targeted policy and credit enhancements could help trigger adoption of energy efficient measures. The empirical analysis shows strong inter-linkages among the barriers and finds heterogeneity between industrial and commercial sectors on the realization of the barriers.
Adoption --- Barriers --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Cumulative Logit Model --- Discrete Choice Models --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
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Municipal solid waste management continues to be a major challenge for local governments in both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the key issues is their financial constraints. Recently an economic analysis was conducted in Eryuan, a poor county located in Yunnan Province of China, where willingness to pay for an improved solid waste collection and treatment service was estimated and compared with the project cost. This study finds that the mean willingness to pay is about 1 percent of household income and the total willingness to pay can basically cover the total cost of the project. The analysis also shows that the poorest households in Eryuan are not only willing to pay more than the rich households in terms of income percentage in general, but also are willing to pay no less than the rich in absolute terms where no solid waste services are available; the poorest households have stronger demand for public solid waste management services while the rich have the capability to take private measures when public services are not available.
Contingent valuation method --- Economic analysis --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Multiple bounded discrete choice --- Municipal solid waste management --- Small towns --- Urban Solid Waste Management --- Waste Disposal & Utilization
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This open access book offers up-to-date advice and practical guidance on how to undertake a discrete choice experiment as a tool for environmental valuation. It discusses crucial issues in designing, implementing and analysing choice experiments. Compiled by leading experts in the field, the book promotes discrete choice analysis in environmental valuation through a more solid scientific basis for research practice. Instead of providing strict guidelines, the book helps readers avoid common mistakes often found in applied work. It is based on the collective reflections of the scientific network of researchers using discrete choice modelling in the field of environmental valuation (www.envecho.com).
Environmental economics. --- Environmental policy. --- Economic theory. --- Environmental Economics. --- Environmental Policy. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Economics --- Government policy --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Environmental Economics --- Environmental Policy --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods --- Quantitative Economics --- Discrete choice experiment --- Stated preference method --- Environmental valuation --- Survey and questionnaire design --- Discrete Choice Modelling --- Open access --- Central / national / federal government policies --- Economic theory & philosophy
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With the Internet of Things and various information and communication technologies, a city can manage its assets in a smarter way, constituting the urban development vision of a smart city. This facilitates a more efficient use of physical infrastructure and encourages citizen participation. Smart energy and smart mobility are among the key aspects of the smart city, in which the electric vehicle (EV) is believed to take a key role. EVs are powered by various energy sources or the electricity grid. With proper scheduling, a large fleet of EVs can be charged from charging stations and parking infrastructures. Although the battery capacity of a single EV is small, an aggregation of EVs can perform as a significant power source or load, constituting a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system. Besides acquiring energy from the grid, in V2G, EVs can also support the grid by providing various demand response and auxiliary services. Thanks to this, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and utilize the renewable energy more effectively. This Special Issue “Smart Energy and Intelligent Transportation Systems” addresses existing knowledge gaps and advances smart energy and mobility. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to smart energy and transportation.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- electric vehicles --- PROSA --- PROMETHEE for Sustainability Assessment --- MCDA --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo --- uncertainty --- cargo bicycles --- loading hub --- facility location problem --- computer simulations --- Python programing --- electric vehicle charging --- vehicle-to-grid --- genetic algorithms --- particle swarm optimization --- demand-side management --- discrete choice theory --- revenue management --- road-railway accidents --- classification trees --- road safety --- transport means --- accidents victims --- condition monitoring --- vibroacoustic diagnostics --- gearbox --- power transmission systems --- neural networks --- deep learning --- electric vehicles --- PROSA --- PROMETHEE for Sustainability Assessment --- MCDA --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo --- uncertainty --- cargo bicycles --- loading hub --- facility location problem --- computer simulations --- Python programing --- electric vehicle charging --- vehicle-to-grid --- genetic algorithms --- particle swarm optimization --- demand-side management --- discrete choice theory --- revenue management --- road-railway accidents --- classification trees --- road safety --- transport means --- accidents victims --- condition monitoring --- vibroacoustic diagnostics --- gearbox --- power transmission systems --- neural networks --- deep learning
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With the Internet of Things and various information and communication technologies, a city can manage its assets in a smarter way, constituting the urban development vision of a smart city. This facilitates a more efficient use of physical infrastructure and encourages citizen participation. Smart energy and smart mobility are among the key aspects of the smart city, in which the electric vehicle (EV) is believed to take a key role. EVs are powered by various energy sources or the electricity grid. With proper scheduling, a large fleet of EVs can be charged from charging stations and parking infrastructures. Although the battery capacity of a single EV is small, an aggregation of EVs can perform as a significant power source or load, constituting a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system. Besides acquiring energy from the grid, in V2G, EVs can also support the grid by providing various demand response and auxiliary services. Thanks to this, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and utilize the renewable energy more effectively. This Special Issue “Smart Energy and Intelligent Transportation Systems” addresses existing knowledge gaps and advances smart energy and mobility. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to smart energy and transportation.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- electric vehicles --- PROSA --- PROMETHEE for Sustainability Assessment --- MCDA --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo --- uncertainty --- cargo bicycles --- loading hub --- facility location problem --- computer simulations --- Python programing --- electric vehicle charging --- vehicle-to-grid --- genetic algorithms --- particle swarm optimization --- demand-side management --- discrete choice theory --- revenue management --- road–railway accidents --- classification trees --- road safety --- transport means --- accidents victims --- condition monitoring --- vibroacoustic diagnostics --- gearbox --- power transmission systems --- neural networks --- deep learning --- n/a --- road-railway accidents
Choose an application
With the Internet of Things and various information and communication technologies, a city can manage its assets in a smarter way, constituting the urban development vision of a smart city. This facilitates a more efficient use of physical infrastructure and encourages citizen participation. Smart energy and smart mobility are among the key aspects of the smart city, in which the electric vehicle (EV) is believed to take a key role. EVs are powered by various energy sources or the electricity grid. With proper scheduling, a large fleet of EVs can be charged from charging stations and parking infrastructures. Although the battery capacity of a single EV is small, an aggregation of EVs can perform as a significant power source or load, constituting a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system. Besides acquiring energy from the grid, in V2G, EVs can also support the grid by providing various demand response and auxiliary services. Thanks to this, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and utilize the renewable energy more effectively. This Special Issue “Smart Energy and Intelligent Transportation Systems” addresses existing knowledge gaps and advances smart energy and mobility. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to smart energy and transportation.
electric vehicles --- PROSA --- PROMETHEE for Sustainability Assessment --- MCDA --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo --- uncertainty --- cargo bicycles --- loading hub --- facility location problem --- computer simulations --- Python programing --- electric vehicle charging --- vehicle-to-grid --- genetic algorithms --- particle swarm optimization --- demand-side management --- discrete choice theory --- revenue management --- road–railway accidents --- classification trees --- road safety --- transport means --- accidents victims --- condition monitoring --- vibroacoustic diagnostics --- gearbox --- power transmission systems --- neural networks --- deep learning --- n/a --- road-railway accidents
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