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Disclosure of information --- Internet in public administration --- Law and legislation. --- Disclosure laws

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Despite big societal changes, and many labour market, educational and public policy initiatives, women are still paid less than men. This report presents the first stocktaking of pay transparency tools across OECD countries and explores how such policies can help level the playing field for women and men at work.

Wages --- Disclosure of information --- Universities and colleges --- Disclosure laws --- Women --- Women employees --- Women. --- Law and legislation. --- College employees. --- University employees --- Employees --- Salaries, etc.

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In addition to these issues common to the 2004 volume and this Sequel, this study identifies significant areas of change in stakeholder approaches to the issue of transparency. The first is the emergence of investor responsibilities as a consideration within the transparency context. The second is the emergence of transparency issues within ISDS. This study focuses particularly on transparency in ISDS and the implications of this conceptual shift manifested in the dispute resolution context. This study also considers transparency concerns as a component of a more generalised interest in the impact of procedural matters in ISDS. A key issue is the appearance of transparency and public participation-related provisions in recent IIAs and the sustainable development implications of such approaches. The aim of this paper is to update the first edition of UNCTAD's Pink Series paper on transparency. It seeks to examine: The way in which traditional transparency issues have been addressed in international investment agreements (IIAs) since 2004, The emergence of investor responsibilities as a consideration within transparency issues, and The introduction of a transparency dimension into investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). In analysing these issues, this paper outlines possible sustainable development implications of the different transparency-related formulations used in IIAs and points to some of the most progressive provisions that are appearing more frequently in investment instruments. It is clear that certain key elements identified in the first edition paper on transparency have remained live issues. For example, it is necessary to continue exploring formulations for clauses where States are addressees of transparency obligations in IIAs and the sustainable development implications of such formulations. Secondly, the substantive scope and content of transparency obligations remains a central issue. Of most concern from a development perspective is the scope and extent of the obligation and the kind of requirements placed on the host States in this regard. These aspects are interlinked with a third issue, namely the different mechanisms available to implement transparency obligations in IIAs and the development impacts of particular methods of disclosure. In a practical sense, the development issues surround the intrusiveness of the obligation, the technical capacity of developing countries to fulfil expansive transparency obligations, and the resulting cost to such countries.

Droit international économique --- Droit économique (Droit international) --- Droit économique international --- Economic policy [Foreign ] --- Economic relations [Foreign ] --- Economics [International ] --- Economische betrekkingen [Internationale ] --- Foreign economic policy --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economic relations --- International economics --- Internationale economische betrekkingen --- New international economic order --- Relations économiques internationales --- E-books --- Disclosure of information --- Investments, Foreign --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Disclosure laws --- Law and legislation --- Foreign investments --- --Transparency issues --- Investments --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood

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174.7 --- 343 --- 657.632 --- audit --- boekhouding, controle --- boekhoudkundige fraude --- Corporations --- -Corporations --- -Disclosure of information --- -Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Contract. Eerlijkheid. Bedrog --- Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen) --- Frauds and errors --- Accounting --- Corrupt practices --- -Law and legislation --- Law and legislation --- Disclosure of information --- Law and legislation. --- Accounting. --- Corrupt practices. --- -Contract. Eerlijkheid. Bedrog --- 657.632 Frauds and errors --- 343 Strafwetenschappen--(algemeen) --- 174.7 Contract. Eerlijkheid. Bedrog --- -657.632 Frauds and errors --- Business corporations --- Disclosure laws --- Corporate bribery --- Corporate corruption --- Corporate crime --- Business ethics --- Commercial crimes --- Corporate accounting --- Corporate financial reporting --- Corporation accounting --- Accounting&delete&

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Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices.

Government information --- -Transparency in government --- -Disclosure of information --- -#SBIB:35H510 --- #SBIB:35H24 --- 352.38 --- Information, Disclosure of --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Government in the sunshine --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Public administration --- Information, Government --- Freedom of information --- Public records --- Access control --- Government policy --- -Law and legislation --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, ... --- Informatiemanagement bij de overheid --- Transparency in government --- Disclosure of information --- Transparence (Sciences sociales) --- Divulgation d'informations --- Divulgation d'information --- -Information, Disclosure of --- -Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, ... --- #SBIB:35H510 --- Disclosure laws --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Law and legislation --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, .. --- Information sur l'Etat --- Law and legislation. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Droit --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, . --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Transparency (Ethics) in government