Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This handbook issued by the IMF is primarily intended for users of the IMF's direction of trade database. The guide describes the collection, compilation, and dessemination of statistics on exports and imports by partner country. National compilers of statistics on trade by country may also derive some benefit from the Guide.

Commercial statistics --- South Africa --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Trade: General --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Exports --- Imports --- Direction of trade --- Trade balance --- Trade systems --- International trade --- Balance of trade

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper presents some facts on China’s role in the world economy and measures the impact of China’s growth on growth in the rest of the world in the short and long term. Short-run estimates based on VARs and error-correction models suggest that spillover effects of China’s growth have increased in recent decades. Long-term spillover effects, estimated through growth regressions based on panel data, are also significant and have extended in recent decades beyond Asia. The estimates are robust to the effects of global and regional shocks, changes in model specification, and sample period.

Economic development --- China --- Economic conditions. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Trade: General --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Externalities --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Exports --- Imports --- Direction of trade --- Spillovers --- Market exchange rates --- Balance of trade --- International finance --- China, People's Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper documents the steady increase in intraregional trade in sub-Saharan Africa since 1980, links this rise to important growth spillovers in the region, and identifies the main source countries and those most vulnerable to the economic conditions of others. Estimates show that in the short run, positive idiosyncratic shocks to regional trading partners’ growth significantly increase growth in the average sub-Saharan African country, while in the long-run the annual impact of growth in regional trading partner’s is smaller in magnitude. Policy implications including the need to support further continent-wide integration and the associated growth spillovers are discussed. Actions policymakers in sub-Saharan Africa can take to capture the benefits of these spillovers, while limiting exposure to the associated risks, are also proposed.

Economic history. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Economic Integration --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Economywide Country Studies: Africa --- Externalities --- Trade: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International economics --- Spillovers --- Exports --- Regional trade --- Imports --- Direction of trade --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- International trade --- International finance --- Balance of trade --- South Africa

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper empirically examines the extent to which a country's economic growth is influenced by its trading partner economies. Panel estimation results based on four decades of data for over 100 countries show that trading partners' growth and relative income levels have a strong effect on domestic growth, even after controlling for the influence of common global and regional trends. One interpretation is that conditional convergence is stronger, the richer are a country's trading partners. A general implication of the results is that industrial countries benefit from trading with developing countries, which grow rapidly, while developing countries benefit from trading with industrial countries, which have relatively high incomes.

International trade. --- Economic development. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Developing countries --- Commerce. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Demography --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Economic Integration --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- International economics --- Population & migration geography --- Personal income --- Terms of trade --- Direction of trade --- Population growth --- National accounts --- International trade --- Population and demographics --- Income --- nternational cooperation --- Balance of trade --- Population --- United Kingdom