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Considers the issues surrounding the occurrence, progression, and predictability of myopia, with emphasis on the 16- to 26-year-old population. This book presents the research in this area, analyzing the findings and drawing conclusions from these studies. The observations and recommendations are aimed at vision scientists and clinicians.

Myopia. --- Refraction. --- Dioptrics --- Nearsightedness --- Short-sightedness --- Shortsightedness --- Optics --- Eye --- Refractive errors

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Optics --- Refraction --- Dioptrics --- History --- Descartes, René, --- Descartes, Renatus --- Cartesius, Renatus --- Knowledge --- Optics. --- Descartes, René --- Optique --- Histoire (discipline) --- Optics - History --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650 - Knowledge - Optics --- Critique et interprétation --- Physique --- Histoire --- 17e siecle --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650

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This book describes the basic principles of laser refractography, a flexible new diagnostic tool for measuring optically inhomogeneous media and flows. Laser refractography is based on digital imaging and computer processing of structured laser beam refraction (SLR) in inhomogeneous transparent media. Laser refractograms provide both qualitative and quantitative measurements and can be used for the study of fast and transient processes. In this book, the theoretical basis of refractography is explored in some detail, and experimental setups are described for measurement of transparent media using either 2D (passed radiation) or 3D (scattered radiation) refractograms. Specific examples and applications are discussed, including visualization of the boundary layer near a hot or cold metallic ball in water, and observation of edge effects and microlayers in liquids and gases. As the first book to describe this new and exciting technique, this monograph has broad cross-disciplinary appeal and will be of interest to students and researchers who need to characterize complex fluid behavior.

Flow visualization. --- Fluid dynamic measurements. --- Laser beams -- Diffraction. --- Refraction --- Lasers --- Flow visualization --- Fluid dynamic measurements --- Laser beams --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Applied Physics --- Diffraction --- Refraction. --- Lasers. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Dioptrics --- Physics. --- Image processing. --- Fluids. --- Photonics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Laser Technology, Photonics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Optics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Computer vision. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Optical data processing. --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- New optics --- Optical equipment