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The intent of the two competitive cities case studies is to highlight what institutions and strategies successful cities have relied on to spur economic development, under what conditions such success has occurred, and what lessons of this experience might be applicable to decision makers in other cities. This research was prepared by the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) under the auspices of the Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global of the World Bank Group. Its objective is to create a knowledge base on what makes cities competitive, understand job creation at the city level, and capture the unique development experience of Japan for broad dissemination to development practitioners, government officials, academia and the private sector. The team would like to gratefully acknowledge the Government of Japan and its continued support of the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) program.

City Development Strategies --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing

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Melaka's state structure plan 2035 envisions a comprehensive and integrated transport network for the state in Malaysia. The plan involves increasing the capacity and quality of international seaport and airport infrastructure, along with rail connectivity. The plan includes a Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT) with the development of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) nodes. These investments in mobility infrastructure will boost Melaka's economic growth. New provision of infrastructure mobility and in particular the BRT lines with TOD projects are an opportunity to reshape more efficiently Melaka's urban form and increase its economic density, which is a pre-condition for reaching the structure plan 2035 target of doubling gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and shifting to a service economy. Melaka is a car-oriented city and state where low density and fragmented urban form reduce physical proximity between where people live and work. Therefore, effective provision of a first-class public transport system is a fundamental building block supporting Melaka's aspiration to become a high-income economy. Integrating transport mobility in land use plans and enhance walkability should thus become a priority. The integration of land use intensification, transit infrastructure provision, and economic policy with TOD will make Melaka State more competitive, with higher-quality neighborhoods, lower infrastructure costs, and lower carbon dioxide (C02) emissions per unit of GDP. This supporting report elaborates on Melaka's urban mobility.

City Development Strategies --- Climate Change --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Environment --- Urban Housing

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Imagine a city that is more competitive, with higher-quality neighborhoods, lower infrastructure costs, and lower C02 emissions per unit of activity. This city has lower combined transportation and housing costs for its residents than other cities at similar levels of economic activity. Its residents can access most jobs and services easily through a combination of low-cost public transport, walking and cycling. Its core economic and population centers are resilient to natural hazards. It is able to finance improvements to public space, connectivity, and social housing by capturing value created through integrated land use and transport planning. Such a vision has never been more relevant for rapidly growing cities than it is today. Transit-oriented development (TOD) can play a major role in achieving such a vision. Based on an observation of methodologies applied in different countries, the World Bank's Community of Practice on Transit Oriented Development has developed a methodology called the 3 Value (3V) Framework, which outlines a typology to facilitate TOD implementation at the metropolitan and urban scale in various contexts. The 3V Framework equips policy and decision makers with quantified indicators to better understand the interplay between the economic vision for the city, its land use and mass transit network, and urban qualities and market vibrancy around its mass transit stations. This book provides examples of approaches taken by cities like London and New York to align their economic, land use, and transport planning to generate jobs and high value. We hope this book will help readers develop a coherent vision, policies, and strategy to leverage the value created through enhanced connectivity and accessibility and make cities even more appealing places to live, work, play and do business.

City Development Strategies --- Roads & Highways --- Transport --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development

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The need for more sustainable and integrative planning processes as a way of dealing with the complexity of urban mobility has been widely recognized. Within the European Union (EU) there has been an enhanced focus on urban mobility solutions where local authorities move away from past 'silo approaches' and develop approaches that can stimulate a shift towards cleaner and more sustainable transport modes, in line with the EU's 2013 Urban Mobility Package and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs).As people choose to move away from cities to the periphery or to neighboring municipalities, it becomes critical that the organization of urban transport services, including commuter rail, is coordinated within functional urban areas based on travel-to-work patterns and not be limited to a city's administrative area.International experience suggests that public transport planners must recognize two integration dimensions: (a) integration among all modes and routes comprising the multi-modal public transport network, (b) integration of the public transport offer within a functional urban area, such that the public transport offer matches the mobility requirements of passengers. Successful integration in both dimensions will provide a more customer-friendly experience and make public transport more efficient and cost-effective.The objective of this Report is to assess barriers to fare integration and impediments to integrated service planning. More specifically, it aims to: analyze the current legal framework, review current fare discount policy and public financing of such discounts, identify legal obstacles to fare integration; present examples of European best practice in the area of public transport integration; and provide recommendations to remove barriers to fare and ticketing integration.The World Bank identified six key recommendations aimed at incentivizing public transport integration: i) Introducing uniform statutory fare discount system. ii) Reforming the system for financing statutory fare discounts. iii) Removing barriers to cooperation among different levels of self-government. iv) Strengthening local authorities responsible for transport and creating open integration platforms. v) Protecting PSO Operators from creaming skimming. vi)Promote fare integration. Changing the status quo will require significant changes to the legal environment for public transport aimed at removing barriers to integration.

City Development Strategies --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Regional Urban Development --- Urban Development

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This report is presenting the key findings of the Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty study, a project financed by the World Bank's Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) - a multi-donor technical assistance trust fund administered by the World Bank. The study is under Kazakhstan Energy Efficiency Project (P130013) which aims to improve energy efficiency in public and social facilities and the enabling environment for sustainable energy financing. The report outlines the urban Energy Efficiency (EE) strategies for the next twelve years for Astana and Almaty, up to 2030, by assessing the energy performance of the municipal service sectors and identifying and prioritizing EE opportunities along with a sound implementation plan.

City Development Strategies --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Energy Policies and Economics --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development