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Photon counting is a unified name for the techniques using single-photon detection for accumulative measurements of the light flux, normally occurring under extremely low-light conditions. Nowadays, this approach can be applied to the wide variety of the radiation wavelengths, starting from X-ray and deep ultraviolet transitions and ending with far-infrared part of the spectrum. As a special tribute to the photon counting, the studies of cosmic microwave background radiation in astronomy, the experiments with muon detection, and the large-scale fundamental experiments on the nature of matter should be noted. The book provides readers with an overview on the fundamentals and state-of-the-art applications of photon counting technique in the applied science and everyday life.

Photon detectors. --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Nuclear counters --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Quantum Optics --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers

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Holger Bartolf discusses state-of-the-art detection concepts based on superconducting nanotechnology as well as sophisticated analytical formulæ that model dissipative fluctuation-phenomena in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Such knowledge is desirable for the development of advanced devices which are designed to possess an intrinsic robustness against vortex-fluctuations and it provides the perspective for honorable fundamental science in condensed matter physics. Especially the nanowire detector allows for ultra-low noise detection of signals with single-photon sensitivity and GHz repetition rates. Such devices have a huge potential for future technological impact and might enable unique applications (e.g. high rate interplanetary deep-space data links from Mars to Earth). Contents Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors Nanotechnological Manufacturing; Scale: 10 Nanometer Berezinskii-Kosterlitz Thouless (BKT) Transition, Edge-Barrier, Phase Slips Target Groups Researchers and students of physics in the fields of single-photon devices, nanofabrication, nanophotonics, nanoelectronics and superconductivity Industrial practitioners with focus on nanotechnology and single-photon detectors About the Author Holger Bartolf studied Solid State Physics at the Universities of Karlsruhe and Zürich. In 2011 he relocated at the Swiss Corporate Research Center of a leading company in power and automation technologies where his current interests focus on the applied R&D of the next generation of power semiconductors.

Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Superconductors. --- Nanowires. --- Photon detectors. --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Atomic wires --- Molecular wires --- Quantum wires --- Subnanoscale wires --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Nuclear counters --- Electric wire --- Nanostructured materials --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials --- Nanotechnology. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics

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535 <063> --- Photon detectors --- -Radio astronomy --- -Radio astrophysics --- -Space astronomy --- -Space interferometry --- -#TWER:WTCM --- Astrophysics --- Interferometry --- Astronautics in astronomy --- Astronomy --- Space sciences --- Radio astronomy --- Radioastronomy --- Interstellar communication --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Nuclear counters --- 535 <063> Optics--Congressen --- Optics--Congressen --- Congresses --- Space astronomy --- Space interferometry --- Radio astrophysics --- #TWER:WTCM --- Congresses. --- Space astronomy - Congresses. --- Photon detectors - Congresses. --- Space interferometry - Congresses. --- Radio astronomy - Congresses. --- Radio astrophysics - Congresses. --- 629.78 --- Spaceflight engineering. Astronautics. Spacecraft

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This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.

Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Laser Technology, Photonics. --- Single Molecule Studies, Molecular Motors. --- Spectroscopy. --- Chimie --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Photons. --- Photon detectors. --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Light quantum --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Nuclear counters --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Analytical chemistry

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Part of Springer’s Integrated Analytical Systems series, Advanced Photonic Structures for Biological and Chemical Detection covers the latest research and development of various novel photonic structures and their respective advantages in biological and chemical sensing. The subjects include: Optical ring resonators Distributed feedback resonators Fiber gratings Fabry-Pérot interferometers Mach-Zehnder interferometers Michelson interferometer Young interferometers Spinning-disc interferometers Photonic crystals Micro/nanofibers and photonic wires Slot waveguides Folded waveguides Metal clad waveguides Reverse symmetry waveguides Liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides This book will interest researchers working in the area of bio-chemical detection and analysis. It will also serve as an excellent reference for graduate students to help acquaint them with new research in photonic bio-chemical sensors.

Biosensors. --- Optical interferometers. --- Optical wave guides. --- Photonics. --- Photonics --- Biosensors --- Optical interferometers --- Optical wave guides --- Applied Physics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Photon detectors. --- New optics --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Chemistry. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Biotechnology. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Optics --- Nuclear counters --- Astronomical instruments --- Interferometers --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Lasers. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis