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Drugs of abuse induce a host of alterations in brain structure and function, ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in discrete brain regions. These alterations can be drug class-specific, and are not confined to neurons, as drugs of abuse also induce molecular and cellular alterations in various glial cell types such as astrocytes and microglia. This drug-induced "rewiring" of the brain at numerous levels can contribute to the development, maintenance, and persistence of the addicted state, as well as associated deficits in normal cognitive functioning. The aim of this Research Topic is to collect recent and important findings related to the structural alterations produced by drug of abuse in neurons, glial, and other cell types of the central nervous system. Suitable areas of analysis include but are not limited to: macrostructure of individual brain regions, dendritic branching and architecture, dendritic spine density and morphology, cell soma morphology, presynaptic terminal volume, astrocytic process length and branching, myelination, and microglial phenotype.

Brain --- Neuroplasticity. --- Neuropharmacology --- Dopamine --- Neuron --- Addiction --- Spine --- GABA --- plasticity --- Glutamate --- glia --- astrocyte --- Dendrite --- Effect of drugs on. --- Research. --- Dopamine --- Neuron --- Addiction --- Spine --- GABA --- plasticity --- Glutamate --- glia --- astrocyte --- Dendrite

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Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.

brain connectivity --- morphology --- Axon --- Cerebral Cortex --- connectome --- sensory systems --- Grey Matter --- Brain wiring --- networks --- Dendrite

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Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.

brain connectivity --- morphology --- Axon --- Cerebral Cortex --- connectome --- sensory systems --- Grey Matter --- Brain wiring --- networks --- Dendrite --- brain connectivity --- morphology --- Axon --- Cerebral Cortex --- connectome --- sensory systems --- Grey Matter --- Brain wiring --- networks --- Dendrite

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• Reference Manager
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Drugs of abuse induce a host of alterations in brain structure and function, ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in discrete brain regions. These alterations can be drug class-specific, and are not confined to neurons, as drugs of abuse also induce molecular and cellular alterations in various glial cell types such as astrocytes and microglia. This drug-induced "rewiring" of the brain at numerous levels can contribute to the development, maintenance, and persistence of the addicted state, as well as associated deficits in normal cognitive functioning. The aim of this Research Topic is to collect recent and important findings related to the structural alterations produced by drug of abuse in neurons, glial, and other cell types of the central nervous system. Suitable areas of analysis include but are not limited to: macrostructure of individual brain regions, dendritic branching and architecture, dendritic spine density and morphology, cell soma morphology, presynaptic terminal volume, astrocytic process length and branching, myelination, and microglial phenotype.

Brain --- Neuroplasticity. --- Neuropharmacology --- Effect of drugs on. --- Research. --- Dopamine --- Neuron --- Addiction --- Spine --- GABA --- plasticity --- Glutamate --- glia --- astrocyte --- Dendrite

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Central nervous system --- Central Nervous System --- Nerve Regeneration. --- Neuronal Plasticity. --- Neurosurgery --- Axon Pruning --- Axonal Pruning --- Dendrite Arborization --- Dendrite Pruning --- Dendritic Arborization --- Dendritic Pruning --- Dendritic Remodeling --- Neural Plasticity --- Neurite Pruning --- Neuronal Arborization --- Neuronal Network Remodeling --- Neuronal Pruning --- Neuronal Remodeling --- Neuroplasticity --- Synaptic Plasticity --- Synaptic Pruning --- Brain Plasticity --- Plasticity, Neuronal --- Arborization, Dendrite --- Arborization, Dendritic --- Arborization, Neuronal --- Arborizations, Dendrite --- Arborizations, Dendritic --- Arborizations, Neuronal --- Axon Prunings --- Axonal Prunings --- Brain Plasticities --- Dendrite Arborizations --- Dendrite Prunings --- Dendritic Arborizations --- Dendritic Prunings --- Dendritic Remodelings --- Network Remodeling, Neuronal --- Network Remodelings, Neuronal --- Neural Plasticities --- Neurite Prunings --- Neuronal Arborizations --- Neuronal Network Remodelings --- Neuronal Plasticities --- Neuronal Prunings --- Neuronal Remodelings --- Neuroplasticities --- Plasticities, Brain --- Plasticities, Neural --- Plasticities, Neuronal --- Plasticities, Synaptic --- Plasticity, Brain --- Plasticity, Neural --- Plasticity, Synaptic --- Pruning, Axon --- Pruning, Axonal --- Pruning, Dendrite --- Pruning, Dendritic --- Pruning, Neurite --- Pruning, Neuronal --- Pruning, Synaptic --- Prunings, Axon --- Prunings, Axonal --- Prunings, Dendrite --- Prunings, Dendritic --- Prunings, Neurite --- Prunings, Neuronal --- Prunings, Synaptic --- Remodeling, Dendritic --- Remodeling, Neuronal --- Remodeling, Neuronal Network --- Remodelings, Dendritic --- Remodelings, Neuronal --- Remodelings, Neuronal Network --- Synaptic Plasticities --- Synaptic Prunings --- Cell Plasticity --- Nerve Tissue Regeneration --- Nervous Tissue Regeneration --- Neural Tissue Regeneration --- Nerve Tissue Regenerations --- Nervous Tissue Regenerations --- Neural Tissue Regenerations --- Regeneration, Nerve --- Regeneration, Nerve Tissue --- Regeneration, Nervous Tissue --- Regeneration, Neural Tissue --- Tissue Regeneration, Nerve --- Tissue Regeneration, Nervous --- Tissue Regeneration, Neural --- Nerve Transfer --- Nervous system, Central --- Nervous system --- Wounds and injuries --- injuries. --- rehabilitation. --- Wounds and injuries. --- Health Sciences --- Clinical Medicine