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International economic integration. --- Post-communism --- Democratization --- Free trade. --- Economic stabilization --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic aspects. --- Post-communism - Economic aspects. --- Democratization - Economic aspects. --- Economic stabilization - China --- Economic stabilization - Europe, Eastern --- Economic stabilization - Vietnam --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - China. --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Europe, Eastern. --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Vietnam.

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Economics --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Rotating credit associations --- Fiscal policy --- Economie sociale --- Secteur informel (Economie politique) --- Tontines (Associations d'épargne) --- Politique fiscale --- Sociological aspects --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Developing countries --- Pays en développement --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- Democratization --- Economic aspects --- CG / Congo --- 331.32 --- 336.208 --- Structuur van de economie. --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Tontines (Associations d'épargne) --- Pays en développement --- Politique économique --- EPUB-ALPHA-D EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- Africa --- Congresses --- Demographic transition --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Structuur van de economie --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- E-books --- Artisans --- Small business --- Political science --- New democracies --- Informal sector (Economics) - Africa - Congresses --- Democratization - Economic aspects - Africa - Congresses --- Congo (la République démocratique) --- Cameroun --- Etats-Unis --- France --- Droit fiscal --- Economie --- Finances publiques --- Afrique

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"How remittances foster democracy In the growing body of work on democracy, little attention has been paid to its links with migration. Migration and Democracy focuses on the effects of worker remittances-money sent by migrants back to their home country-and how these resources shape political action in the Global South. Remittances are not only the largest source of foreign income in most autocratic countries, but also, in contrast to foreign aid or international investment, flow directly to citizens. As a result, they provide resources that make political opposition possible, and they decrease government dependency, undermining the patronage strategies underpinning authoritarianism.The authors discuss how international migration produces a decentralized flow of income that generally circumvents governments to reach citizens who act as democratizing agents. Documenting why dictatorships fall and how this process has changed in the last three decades, the authors show that remittances increase the likelihood of protest and reduce electoral support for authoritarian incumbents. Combining global macroanalysis with microdata and case studies of Senegal and Cambodia, the book demonstrates how remittances foster democracy. Migration and Democracy demonstrates how the movement of people from authoritarian nations to higher-income countries can enhance democratic expansion"-- "In the rich and growing body of work on democracy, there has been little attention to the connection between democracy and migration; and when there is, it is usually in connection with countries that see in-migration rather than out-migration. The latter is the focus of this book, which looks specifically at remittances--money sent from a migrant back to their home country--and how they reshape the internal balance of power by influencing the incentives and opportunities for political action among individuals receiving remittance income. Not only do remittances provide the resources that make contentious collective action possible, but they also reduce households' dependence on state-delivered goods and thus undermine the effectiveness of regime patronage strategies that underpin electoral authoritarianism. The book starts with a general examination of international migration and associated remittance flows, pointing out that remittance flows have become so great as to be one of the largest sources of foreign income in autocracies--and one that goes directly to democratizing agents (that is, to individuals), largely circumventing authoritarian governments. The authors then look the mechanisms that cause non-democracies collapse, and how these mechanisms are encouraged by remittances. Specifically, the authors look at how remittances inrease the likehood of individual-level protest, decrease the appeal of patronage networks, and act as an accelerant during the democratizing process"--

Emigration and immigration - Political aspects --- Emigration and immigration - Economic aspects --- Emigrant remittances - Political aspects --- Democratization - Economic aspects --- Dictatorship --- Emigration and immigration --- Political aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- Activism. --- Adventurism. --- Ant Financial Services Group. --- Antipathy. --- Beneficiary. --- Centrism. --- Citizens (Spanish political party). --- Clientelism. --- Collective behavior. --- Consumption (economics). --- Cronyism. --- Democracy promotion. --- Democratic consolidation. --- Democratization. --- Developed country. --- Development aid. --- Dictatorship. --- Economic liberalization. --- Effectiveness. --- Electoral reform. --- Estimation. --- Explanation. --- Factors of production. --- Family income. --- Government of China. --- Government shutdown in the United States. --- Government spending. --- Human capital flight. --- Illegal immigration. --- Import. --- Income. --- Incumbent. --- Insurgency. --- International non-governmental organization. --- Investment. --- Jean Ping. --- Judiciary. --- Liberalization. --- Local history. --- Marabout. --- Market price. --- Mass surveillance. --- Measurement. --- Military dictatorship. --- Modernization theory. --- Monarchy. --- Multiple citizenship. --- Nationalization. --- Nativism (politics). --- Neoliberalism. --- No taxation without representation. --- North–South divide. --- Obstacle. --- Opposition Party. --- Participation (decision making). --- Political opportunity. --- Political repression. --- Political science. --- Political sociology. --- Populism. --- Poverty reduction. --- Project. --- Prosocial behavior. --- Protest vote. --- Public good. --- Rebellion. --- Recolonization. --- Regime. --- Remittance. --- Right-wing politics. --- Safety net. --- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. --- Sewerage. --- Smuggling. --- Social science. --- Spillover effect. --- Spoils system. --- Structural adjustment. --- Subsidy. --- Suggestion. --- Tanzania. --- Tax revenue. --- Tax. --- Term limit. --- Thomas Boni Yayi. --- United Nations Security Council. --- Volunteering. --- Voting. --- Welfare. --- Youth unemployment. --- Emigrant remittances --- Democratization --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Immigrant remittances --- Remittances, Emigrant --- Foreign exchange --- Political systems --- Migration. Refugees