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Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.

demand side management (DSM) --- energy efficiency --- energy storage --- demand response (DR) --- flexibility --- R744 transcritical booster --- subcritical booster --- cascade --- parallel compression --- ejector --- commercial/retail refrigeration --- HVAC --- pressure based control --- damper control --- static pressure reset --- CO2 reset --- demand-based control --- energy saving --- human well-being --- IAQ --- Atomic Air --- air conditioning --- chiller --- CO2 --- commercial refrigeration --- heat pump --- heat recovery --- industrial refrigeration --- R744 --- transcritical vapor-compression system --- two-phase ejector --- domestic refrigerator --- consumer habits --- energy consumption --- good practices --- surveys --- ground source heat pump --- tropical climate --- horizontal heat exchanger --- district cooling --- liquid to compressed natural gas --- thermal energy storage --- LNG --- ground source heat pumps --- low GWP refrigerants --- energy analysis --- R410A --- R32 --- R454B

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At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.

autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.

autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response