Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic acids secondary structures that form in DNA or RNA guanine (G)-rich strands. In recent years, the presence of G4s in microorganisms has attracted increasing interest. In prokaryotes, G4 sequences have been reported in several human pathogens. Bacterial enzymes able to process G4s have been identified. In viruses, G4s have been suggested to be involved in key steps of the viral life cycle: They have been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human papilloma virus, swine pseudorabies virus, and other viruses’ genomes. New evidence shows the presence of G4s in parasitic protozoa, such as the causative agent of malaria. G4 binding proteins and mRNA G4s have been implicated in the regulation of microorganisms’ genome replication and translation. G4 ligands have been developed and tested both as tools to study the complexity of G4-mediated mechanisms in the viral life cycle and as therapeutic agents. Moreover, new techniques to study G4 folding and their interactions with proteins have been developed. This Special Issue will focus on G4s present in microorganisms, addressing all the above aspects.

bacteria --- folding --- co-translational refolding --- RecQ helicase --- regulatory element --- conformational dynamics --- G4Hunter --- NDPK --- fluorescence --- pseudorabies virus --- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) --- structure-activity relationship --- PhenDC3 --- eukaryotic hosts --- Herpesvirus --- translation suppression --- turn-on ligands --- co-transcriptional folding --- Herpesviridae --- G-quadruplex --- nucleoside diphosphate kinase --- nucleic acids --- nucleic acids conformation --- bioinformatics --- protein–DNA interaction --- aptamers --- deinococcus --- Alphaherpesvirinae --- EBNA1 --- G4 --- virus --- human papillomaviruses --- S. cerevisiae --- genome stability --- G-quadruplexes --- metastable structure --- genome evolution --- pyridostatin --- alphaherpesviruses --- structure --- protozoa --- genome --- G-quadruplex ligand --- NMR --- microbes --- DNA --- protein-mRNA interactions --- G-quadruplex formation --- immediate early promoters

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Biocatalysis, the application of enzymes as catalysts for chemical synthesis, has become an increasingly valuable tool for the synthetic chemist. Enzymatic transformations carried out by enzymes or whole-cell catalysts are used for the production of a wide variety of compounds ranging from bulk to fine chemicals. The primary consideration for the incorporation of biotransformation in a synthetic sequence is regio- and stereocontrol that can be achieved with enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Biotransformations are thus becoming accepted as a method for generating optically pure compounds as well as for developing efficient routes to target compounds. This Special Issue aims to address the main applications of biocatalysts, isolated enzymes, and whole microorganisms in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and their precursors.

8-hydroxydaidzein --- stable --- soluble --- anti-inflammation --- amylosucrase --- Deinococcus geothermalis --- coumarin --- biotransformation --- filamentous fungi --- selective hydroxylation --- bromination --- chlorination --- pharmaceuticals --- active agent synthesis --- biocatalysis --- haloperoxidase --- halogenase --- glycosyltransferase --- Glycine max (L.) Merr. --- HPLC/MS --- isoflavone aglycone-rich extract --- isoflavone α-glucoside --- alkene cleavage --- aryl alkenes --- basidiomycota --- carotene degradation --- dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) --- manganese --- Komagataella pfaffii --- Pleurotus sapidus --- monoterpenes --- limonene --- glycerol --- mevalonate pathway --- reaction engineering --- bioprocess --- biocatalyst --- two-liquid phase fermentation --- in situ product removal --- lipase --- unsaturated fatty acid --- oxidative cleavage --- oxidation --- adaptation --- UV/NTG mutagenesis --- psychrotrophs --- terpenes

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The papers included in this Special Issue "Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments" provide an overview of the growing interest in species biodiversity, highlighting the importance of marine extreme environments as sources of a unique marine chemical diversity of molecules. It is worth noting that six articles in this Special Issue are focused on molecules and enzymes isolated from Antarctica. This means that there is a growing interest in this habitat, most probably due to being perceived as an important source of drug discovery. In fact, the unique environment and ecological pressures of marine polar regions might be the major drivers of a selection of unique biological communities that are able to biosynthesize new compounds with diverse biological activities. It is expected that, in the near future, more marine molecules from polar regions, as well as from other extreme habitats, will find their way into biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Medicine --- Latrunculia --- Antarctica --- deep-sea sponge --- molecular networking --- molecular docking --- discorhabdin --- Arctic/Antarctic environment --- biocatalysis --- cold-adaptation --- marine biotechnology --- deep sea --- extremophilic microorganisms --- extremozyme --- thermophilic enzyme --- psychrophilic enzyme --- halophilic enzyme --- piezophilic enzyme --- chitinase --- cold-adapted --- optimization --- antifungal --- Pseudomonas --- Deinococcus --- deinoxanthin --- carotenoid --- deep-sea --- extreme --- ecosystem --- fungi --- bioactive compounds --- secondary metabolites --- halophilic bacteria --- archaea and fungi --- biomolecules --- biomedicine --- antimicrobial compounds --- anticancer compounds --- green synthesis biomaterials --- silver nitrate --- antibiotics --- nanotechnology --- marine prokaryotes --- microbial diversity --- polyextremophiles --- deep hypersaline anoxic basins --- blue biotechnologies --- extremozymes --- limits of life --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- genome survey --- mitochondrial genome --- whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- antihypertensive peptide (AHTP) --- cypermethrin --- biosurfactants --- biodegradation capacities --- marine sediments --- Arctic/Antarctic --- deep hypersaline anoxic basin --- cold-adapted bacteria --- halophilic microorganisms --- marine natural product --- enzyme --- silver nanoparticle --- marine bioprospecting --- Latrunculia --- Antarctica --- deep-sea sponge --- molecular networking --- molecular docking --- discorhabdin --- Arctic/Antarctic environment --- biocatalysis --- cold-adaptation --- marine biotechnology --- deep sea --- extremophilic microorganisms --- extremozyme --- thermophilic enzyme --- psychrophilic enzyme --- halophilic enzyme --- piezophilic enzyme --- chitinase --- cold-adapted --- optimization --- antifungal --- Pseudomonas --- Deinococcus --- deinoxanthin --- carotenoid --- deep-sea --- extreme --- ecosystem --- fungi --- bioactive compounds --- secondary metabolites --- halophilic bacteria --- archaea and fungi --- biomolecules --- biomedicine --- antimicrobial compounds --- anticancer compounds --- green synthesis biomaterials --- silver nitrate --- antibiotics --- nanotechnology --- marine prokaryotes --- microbial diversity --- polyextremophiles --- deep hypersaline anoxic basins --- blue biotechnologies --- extremozymes --- limits of life --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- genome survey --- mitochondrial genome --- whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- antihypertensive peptide (AHTP) --- cypermethrin --- biosurfactants --- biodegradation capacities --- marine sediments --- Arctic/Antarctic --- deep hypersaline anoxic basin --- cold-adapted bacteria --- halophilic microorganisms --- marine natural product --- enzyme --- silver nanoparticle --- marine bioprospecting

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The papers included in this Special Issue "Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments" provide an overview of the growing interest in species biodiversity, highlighting the importance of marine extreme environments as sources of a unique marine chemical diversity of molecules. It is worth noting that six articles in this Special Issue are focused on molecules and enzymes isolated from Antarctica. This means that there is a growing interest in this habitat, most probably due to being perceived as an important source of drug discovery. In fact, the unique environment and ecological pressures of marine polar regions might be the major drivers of a selection of unique biological communities that are able to biosynthesize new compounds with diverse biological activities. It is expected that, in the near future, more marine molecules from polar regions, as well as from other extreme habitats, will find their way into biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Latrunculia --- Antarctica --- deep-sea sponge --- molecular networking --- molecular docking --- discorhabdin --- Arctic/Antarctic environment --- biocatalysis --- cold-adaptation --- marine biotechnology --- deep sea --- extremophilic microorganisms --- extremozyme --- thermophilic enzyme --- psychrophilic enzyme --- halophilic enzyme --- piezophilic enzyme --- chitinase --- cold-adapted --- optimization --- antifungal --- Pseudomonas --- Deinococcus --- deinoxanthin --- carotenoid --- deep-sea --- extreme --- ecosystem --- fungi --- bioactive compounds --- secondary metabolites --- halophilic bacteria --- archaea and fungi --- biomolecules --- biomedicine --- antimicrobial compounds --- anticancer compounds --- green synthesis biomaterials --- silver nitrate --- antibiotics --- nanotechnology --- marine prokaryotes --- microbial diversity --- polyextremophiles --- deep hypersaline anoxic basins --- blue biotechnologies --- extremozymes --- limits of life --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- genome survey --- mitochondrial genome --- whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- antihypertensive peptide (AHTP) --- cypermethrin --- biosurfactants --- biodegradation capacities --- marine sediments --- Arctic/Antarctic --- deep hypersaline anoxic basin --- cold-adapted bacteria --- halophilic microorganisms --- marine natural product --- enzyme --- silver nanoparticle --- marine bioprospecting