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This volume reports on the latest developments in the field of superfluidity, one of the most fundamental, interesting, and important problems in physics, with applications ranging from metals, helium liquids, photons in cavities, excitons in semiconductors, to the interior of neutron stars and the present state of the universe as a whole.
Superfluidity. --- Electric conductivity. --- Conductivity, Electric --- Free electron theory of metals --- Transport theory --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity
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A comprehensive overview of the basic principles of vortex dynamics in superfluids, this book addresses the problems of vortex dynamics in all three superfluids available in laboratories (4He, 3He, and BEC of cold atoms) alongside discussions of the elasticity of vortices, forces on vortices, and vortex mass. Beginning with a summary of classical hydrodynamics, the book guides the reader through examinations of vortex dynamics from large scales to the microscopic scale. Topics such as vortex arrays in rotating superfluids, bound states in vortex cores and interaction of vortices with quasiparticles are discussed. The final chapter of the book considers implications of vortex dynamics to superfluid turbulence using simple scaling and symmetry arguments. Written from a unified point of view that avoids complicated mathematical approaches, this text is ideal for students and researchers working with vortex dynamics in superfluids, superconductors, magnetically ordered materials, neutron stars and cosmological models.
Superfluidity. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Vortex-motion. --- Aerodynamics --- Eddies --- Fluid dynamics --- Hydrodynamics --- Rotational motion --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity
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The field of cold atomic gases faced a revolution in 1995 when Bose-Einstein condensation was achieved. The quest for ultra-cold Fermi gases started shortly after the 1995 discovery, and quantum degeneracy in a gas of fermionic atoms was obtained in 1999. This work covers experimental techniques for the creation and study of Fermi quantum gases.
Cold gases --- Electron gas --- Fermions --- Superfluidity --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity --- Fermi-Dirac particles --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Interacting boson-fermion models --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Fermi gas --- Electrons --- Gases
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The Ginzburg-Landau equation as a mathematical model of superconductors has become an extremely useful tool in many areas of physics where vortices carrying a topological charge appear. The remarkable progress in the mathematical understanding of this equation involves a combined use of mathematical tools from many branches of mathematics. The Ginzburg-Landau model has been an amazing source of new problems and new ideas in analysis, geometry and topology. This collection will meet the urgent needs of the specialists, scholars and graduate students working in this area or related areas.
Singularities (Mathematics) --- Mathematical physics. --- Superconductors --- Superfluidity --- Differential equations, Nonlinear --- Numerical analysis --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Mathematics. --- Numerical solutions. --- Materials --- Mathematics
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Integration, Functional --- Collective excitations --- Matter --- Superfluidity --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Superradiance --- Effect of radiation on --- -Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Emission, Superradiant --- Superradiant emission --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Functional integration --- Excitations, Collective --- Exciton theory --- Statistical physics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Radiation --- Superconductivity --- Functional analysis --- Integrals, Generalized --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Matter - Effect of radiation on
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Superfluidity. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Gauge fields (Physics) --- Crystals --- Defects. --- Fields, Gauge (Physics) --- Gage fields (Physics) --- Gauge theories (Physics) --- Lattice defects --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- 530.19 --- 530.19 Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc. --- Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc. --- Superfluidity --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity --- Twinning (Crystallography) --- Field theory (Physics) --- Group theory --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Defects --- Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc --- Crystals - Defects.
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Low temperatures --- Superconductivity --- Superfluidity --- Critical phenomena (Physics) --- Astrophysics --- Gravitation --- Congresses --- -Critical phenomena (Physics) --- -Gravitation --- -Low temperatures --- -Superconductivity --- -Superfluidity --- -536.483 --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Quantum statistics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Phenomena, Critical (Physics) --- Very low temperatures. Cryogenics --- Properties --- Congresses. --- 536.483 Very low temperatures. Cryogenics --- 536.483 --- Low temperatures - Congresses --- Superconductivity - Congresses --- Superfluidity - Congresses --- Critical phenomena (Physics) - Congresses --- Astrophysics - Congresses --- Gravitation - Congresses --- Fairbank, William Martin, - 1917 --- -Astrophysics
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This book concisely presents the latest trends in the physics of superconductivity and superfluidity and magnetism in novel systems, as well as the problem of BCS-BEC crossover in ultracold quantum gases and high-Tc superconductors. It further illuminates the intensive exchange of ideas between these closely related fields of condensed matter physics over the last 30 years of their dynamic development. The content is based on the author’s original findings obtained at the Kapitza Institute, as well as advanced lecture courses he held at the Moscow Engineering Physical Institute, Amsterdam University, Loughborough University and LPTMS Orsay between 1994 and 2011. In addition to the findings of his group, the author discusses the most recent concepts in these fields, obtained both in Russia and in the West. The book consists of 16 chapters which are divided into four parts. The first part describes recent developments in superfluid hydrodynamics of quantum fluids and solids, including the fashionable subject of possible supersolidity in quantum crystals of 4He, while the second describes BCS-BEC crossover in quantum Fermi-Bose gases and mixtures, as well as in the underdoped states of cuprates. The third part is devoted to non-phonon mechanisms of superconductivity in unconventional (anomalous) superconductors, including some important aspects of the theory of high-Tc superconductivity. The last part considers the anomalous normal state of novel superconductive materials and materials with colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). The book offers a valuable guide for senior-level undergraduate students and graduate students, postdoctoral and other researchers specializing in solid-state and low-temperature physics.
Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Physics. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematics --- Superconductivity. --- Superfluidity. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity
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This book presents the Nobel Laureate Vitaly Ginzburg's views on the development in the field of superconductivity. It contains a selection of Ginzburg's key writings, including his amended version of the Nobel lecture in Physics 2003. Also included are an expanded autobiography, which was written for the Nobel Committee, an article entitled "A Scientific Autobiography: An Attempt," a fundamental article co-written with L.D. Landau entitled "To the theory of superconductivity," an expanded review article "Superconductivity and superfluidity (what was done and what was not done)," and some newly written short articles about superconductivity and related subjects. So, in toto, presented here are the personal contributions of Ginzburg, that resulted in the Nobel Prize, in the context of his scientific biography.
Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Superfluidity. --- Physicists --- Nobel Prize winners --- Ginzburg, V. L. --- Nobel Prizes --- Condensed degenerate gases --- Degenerate gases, Condensed --- Superfluids --- Ginzburg, V. L., --- Ginsburg, W. L., --- Ginzburg, Vitaliĭ Lazarevich, --- Ginzburg, Vitaly, --- Ginsburg, V. L., --- Гинзбург, В. Л. --- Гинзбург, Виталий Лазаревич, --- Physics. --- Fluids. --- Thermodynamics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Liquid helium --- Low temperatures --- Quantum statistics --- Superconductivity --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Materials
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