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Geodesy is the science dealing with the determination of the position of points in space, the shape and gravity field of the Earth and with their time variations. A consequence is that geodesists feel as a permanent subject of research, the detection, analysis and interpretation of spatial deformation as well as gravity field variation. This book collects 36 selected papers from the International Symposium on Geodetic Deformation Monitoring held in Jaén (Spain) from 17th to 19th March 2005. The main topics covered in the symposium were: mathematical and statistical models for crustal deformation analysis, deformation monitoring from GPS and InSAR data: analysis and geophysical interpretation, geodetic monitoring of movements in civil engineering, integration of spatial and terrestrial techniques in deformation studies, geodynamical applications of gravimetric observations and present-day geodetic instrumentation for deformation monitoring. This volume is a good overview of theoretical matters, models and results.

Geodesy --- Rock deformation --- Geodynamics --- Engineering geology --- Deformation, Rock --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Geology, Structural --- Physical geography. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geodetic deformation monitoring --- Geophysical roles --- Engineering roles

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In recent decades, classical survey approaches have evolved and with the advent of new technologies and platforms, remote sensing systems have become popular and widely used in geosciences. Contactless devices are not invasive and allow for measuring without accessing the investigated area. This is an excellent advantage as earth surface processes often occur in remote areas and can be potentially dangerous or difficult to access. Satellite remote sensing offers the possibility of using multi-band high-resolution data over large areas. Therefore, it can be of great support for natural risk monitoring and analysis at a regional scale. On the other hand, terrestrial systems feature high spatial and temporal resolutions, which can assist in observing the evolution of fast and potentially dangerous phenomena. Therefore, proximal sensing systems are of great value for risk assessment and early warning procedures of natural hazards. This book focuses on recent and upcoming advances in the remote and proximal sensing monitoring of geologic hazards, warning procedures, and new data-processing techniques.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- multi-temporal interferometry --- mining --- salt dissolution --- MTInSAR --- sinkholes --- digital image correlation --- template matching --- natural hazards --- surface deformations --- optical remote sensing --- time-lapse camera --- 3D point cloud --- voxels --- supervoxels --- rock slope management --- classification --- knowledge extraction --- semantics --- object-oriented --- change detection --- Fengfeng mine --- mining deformation monitoring --- MSBAS --- multiplatform SAR data --- dense vegetation --- threshold --- landslide --- early warning system --- velocity --- water level --- GNSS --- lava --- volcanoes --- PlanetScope --- object-based image analysis --- SAR interferometry --- slope instability --- ground stability monitoring --- Sentinel-1 --- COSMO-SkyMed --- time series analysis --- rainfall-triggered landslides --- tropics --- statistical analysis --- CHIRPS --- multi-temporal image composite --- Jølster --- landslide database --- Sentinel-2 --- Google Earth Engine --- NDVI --- glacial landscape --- evolution characteristics --- state of activity --- earthquake --- rainfall --- the Bailong River basin --- n/a

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) is an important remote sensing technology used for topographic mapping and deformation monitoring, and has created a new type of radar datum that has significantly evolved during the last couple of decades. This book includes the latest InSAR studies published in the Special Issue “InSAR Signal and Data Processing” of Sensors. We hope that readers of all levels will be able to gain a better understanding of InSAR as well as the when, how, and why of applying this technology.

time-series InSAR --- subsidence --- GNSS --- coastal urban area --- heterogeneous array --- SAR imaging --- data cross-placement --- computing resource management --- Gaofen-3 satellite --- ScanSAR --- interferometry --- interferometric coherence --- phase compensation --- DEM geolocation --- InSAR --- Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor --- deformation --- permafrost --- interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) --- phase error calibration --- phase difference measurement --- under-sampling --- coherent accumulation --- SBAS-InSAR --- rock salt mine --- drilling solution mining --- time series --- phase unwrapping (PU) --- multi-baseline (MB) --- two-stage programming approach (TSPA) --- phase unwrapping max-flow/min-cut (PUMA) --- multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) --- non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) --- kurtosis --- noise level eatimation --- coherence coefficient --- DEM --- DSM --- hierarchical adaptive surface fitting --- markov random field --- residue --- persistent scatterers --- polarimetric optimization --- deformation monitoring --- interferometric radar --- helicopter landing --- simulation model --- n/a

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In the past, when elements in sructures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.

structural health monitoring --- jointless bridge --- high-speed railway --- bearing --- expansion device --- displacement analysis --- structural reliability estimation --- modal identification --- finite element model updating --- cyber-physical systems --- crowdsourcing --- temperature effects --- time-lag effect --- Fourier series expansion --- box-girder bridges --- structural engineering --- overall deformation monitoring --- perspective transformation --- edge detection --- close-range photogrammetry --- railway embankment --- condition assessment --- ground penetrating radar --- multi-attribute utility theory --- laser scanner --- line scanner --- structure monitoring --- deformation --- dynamic measurements --- scan-to-BIM --- point cloud --- HBIM --- FEM --- Rhinoceros --- terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) --- ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR) --- vibration frequency --- spectral analysis --- displacement --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- vibration-based damage detection --- system identification --- subspace system identification (SSI) --- tie rod --- natural frequencies --- mode shapes --- root-mean-square error (RMSE) --- environmental monitoring --- long-range mapping --- MMS --- sub-millimetric EDM geodetic techniques --- damage detection --- damage localization --- hybrid approach --- neural network --- timber bridges --- stress-laminated timber decks --- monitoring --- humidity-temperature sensors --- wood moisture content --- multi-phase models --- finite element method --- moving load identification --- strain influence line --- load transverse distribution --- strain integral coefficient --- identification error --- n/a

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Earthquake and Volcano Deformation is the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers.Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world.Earthquake and Volcano Deformation requires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering. Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: http://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html

Rock deformation --- Strains and stresses --- Volcanism. --- Earthquakes. --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Mathematical models. --- Volcanism --- Earthquakes --- Volcanisme --- Tremblements de terre --- Déformations (Mécanique) --- Mathematical models --- Deformations (Mechanics). --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models. --- Rock deformation -- Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses -- Mathematical models. --- Volcanicity --- Vulcanism --- Stresses and strains --- Elastic solids --- Mechanics --- Rheology --- Structural failures --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Geodynamics --- Volcanology --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Architecture --- Flexure --- Statics --- Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Elasticity --- Engineering design --- Graphic statics --- Strength of materials --- Stress waves --- Structural design --- Deformation, Rock --- Geology, Structural --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models --- 1906 San Francisco earthquake. --- 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. --- 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. --- 1992 Landers earthquake. --- 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. --- Active fault. --- Atmospheric refraction. --- Cauchy stress tensor. --- Compressive stress. --- Continental collision. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Crust (geology). --- Deformation (engineering). --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Deformation monitoring. --- Dike (geology). --- Dislocation. --- Displacement field (mechanics). --- Earthquake prediction. --- Earthquake rupture. --- Earthquake swarm. --- Elasticity (physics). --- Explosive eruption. --- Fault (geology). --- Fault friction. --- Figure of the Earth. --- Fracture mechanics. --- Fracture toughness. --- Fracture zone. --- Fracture. --- Friction. --- Geodetic datum. --- Geologic time scale. --- Geothermal gradient. --- Gravitational acceleration. --- Gravitational potential. --- Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. --- Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. --- Infinitesimal strain theory. --- Intraplate earthquake. --- Lava dome. --- Lava lake. --- Lava. --- Long Valley Caldera. --- Magma chamber. --- Magnetic anomaly. --- Melting point. --- Mount St. Helens. --- Nucleation. --- Orogeny. --- Oscillation. --- Parkfield earthquake. --- Plane stress. --- Plate tectonics. --- Porosity. --- Pressure gradient. --- Radiation stress. --- Resurgent dome. --- Rift zone. --- Rock (geology). --- Rock mechanics. --- San Andreas Fault. --- Seafloor spreading. --- Seismic gap. --- Seismic hazard. --- Seismic moment. --- Seismic risk. --- Seismic tomography. --- Seismic wave. --- Seismology. --- Shear modulus. --- Shear stress. --- Shear zone. --- Shearing (physics). --- Shield volcano. --- Strain energy. --- Strain rate. --- Stratovolcano. --- Stress concentration. --- Stress functions. --- Stress intensity factor. --- Subduction. --- Subsidence. --- Surface energy. --- Surface gravity. --- Surface stress. --- Tectonophysics. --- Tension (physics). --- Thermal expansion. --- Thrust fault. --- Traction (engineering). --- Transform fault. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Vibration. --- Viscoelasticity. --- Volcanic hazards. --- Volcanic pipe. --- Volcano. --- Wavenumber. --- Yield (engineering).