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Toric varieties are algebraic varieties arising from elementary geometric and combinatorial objects such as convex polytopes in Euclidean space with vertices on lattice points. Since many algebraic geometry notions such as singularities, birational maps, cycles, homology, intersection theory, and Riemann-Roch translate into simple facts about polytopes, toric varieties provide a marvelous source of examples in algebraic geometry. In the other direction, general facts from algebraic geometry have implications for such polytopes, such as to the problem of the number of lattice points they contain. In spite of the fact that toric varieties are very special in the spectrum of all algebraic varieties, they provide a remarkably useful testing ground for general theories. The aim of this mini-course is to develop the foundations of the study of toric varieties, with examples, and describe some of these relations and applications. The text concludes with Stanley's theorem characterizing the numbers of simplicies in each dimension in a convex simplicial polytope. Although some general theorems are "ed without proof, the concrete interpretations via simplicial geometry should make the text accessible to beginners in algebraic geometry.

Algebraic geometry --- Differential geometry. Global analysis --- 512.7 --- Algebraic geometry. Commutative rings and algebras --- Toric varieties. --- 512.7 Algebraic geometry. Commutative rings and algebras --- Toric varieties --- Embeddings, Torus --- Torus embeddings --- Varieties, Toric --- Algebraic varieties --- Addition. --- Affine plane. --- Affine space. --- Affine variety. --- Alexander Grothendieck. --- Alexander duality. --- Algebraic curve. --- Algebraic group. --- Atiyah–Singer index theorem. --- Automorphism. --- Betti number. --- Big O notation. --- Characteristic class. --- Chern class. --- Chow group. --- Codimension. --- Cohomology. --- Combinatorics. --- Commutative property. --- Complete intersection. --- Convex polytope. --- Convex set. --- Coprime integers. --- Cotangent space. --- Dedekind sum. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Direct proof. --- Discrete valuation ring. --- Discrete valuation. --- Disjoint union. --- Divisor (algebraic geometry). --- Divisor. --- Dual basis. --- Dual space. --- Equation. --- Equivalence class. --- Equivariant K-theory. --- Euler characteristic. --- Exact sequence. --- Explicit formula. --- Facet (geometry). --- Fundamental group. --- Graded ring. --- Grassmannian. --- H-vector. --- Hirzebruch surface. --- Hodge theory. --- Homogeneous coordinates. --- Homomorphism. --- Hypersurface. --- Intersection theory. --- Invertible matrix. --- Invertible sheaf. --- Isoperimetric inequality. --- Lattice (group). --- Leray spectral sequence. --- Limit point. --- Line bundle. --- Line segment. --- Linear subspace. --- Local ring. --- Mathematical induction. --- Mixed volume. --- Moduli space. --- Moment map. --- Monotonic function. --- Natural number. --- Newton polygon. --- Open set. --- Picard group. --- Pick's theorem. --- Polytope. --- Projective space. --- Quadric. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Regular sequence. --- Relative interior. --- Resolution of singularities. --- Restriction (mathematics). --- Resultant. --- Riemann–Roch theorem. --- Serre duality. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Simplex. --- Simplicial complex. --- Simultaneous equations. --- Spectral sequence. --- Subgroup. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Surjective function. --- Tangent bundle. --- Theorem. --- Topology. --- Toric variety. --- Unit disk. --- Vector space. --- Weil conjecture. --- Zariski topology.

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This volume is a collection of investigations involving the theory and applications of the various tools and techniques of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory, which are remarkably widespread in many diverse areas of the mathematical, biological, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. It contains invited and welcome original as well as review-cum-expository research articles dealing with recent and new developments on the topics of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory as well as their multidisciplinary applications.

subordination --- functions with positive real part --- reciprocals --- univalent functions --- starlikeness --- convexity --- close-to-convexity --- hyper-Bessel functions --- Hardy space --- distribution --- fractional Laplacian --- Riesz fractional derivative --- delta sequence --- convolution --- subordinations --- starlike functions --- convex functions --- close-to-convex functions --- cardioid domain --- Hankel determinant --- m-fold symmetric functions --- harmonic univalent functions --- with symmetric conjecture point --- integral expressions --- coefficient estimates --- distortion --- umbral methods --- harmonic numbers --- special functions --- integral representations --- laplace and other integral transforms --- analytic functions --- quasi-Hadamard --- differential operator --- closure property --- riemann zeta function --- asymptotics --- exponential sums --- multivalent functions --- q-Ruschweyh differential operator --- q-starlike functions --- circular domain --- q-Bernardi integral operator --- Bessel functions --- Appell–Bessel functions --- generating functions --- Chebyshev polynomials --- Euler sums --- Catalan’s constant --- Trigamma function --- integral representation --- closed form --- ArcTan and ArcTanh functions --- partial fractions --- Lambert series --- cotangent sum --- modular transformation --- Dedekind sum --- lemniscate of Bernoulli Hankel determinant --- determinant --- inverse --- Mersenne number --- periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix --- Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula --- Fibonacci number --- Lucas number --- Toeplitz matrix --- Hankel matrix --- univalent function --- second Hankel determinant --- bi-close-to-convex functions --- gamma function and its extension --- Pochhammer symbol and its extensions --- hypergeometric function and its extensions --- τ-Gauss hypergeometric function and its extensions --- τ-Kummer hypergeometric function --- Fox-Wright function --- p-valent analytic function --- Hadamard product --- q-integral operator --- generalized Lupaş operators --- q analogue --- Korovkin’s type theorem --- convergence theorems --- Voronovskaya type theorem --- starlike function --- subordinate --- Janowski functions --- conic domain --- q-convex functions --- q-close-to-convex functions --- theta-function identities --- multivariable R-functions --- Jacobi’s triple-product identity --- Ramanujan’s theta functions --- q-product identities --- Euler’s pentagonal number theorem --- Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction --- Rogers-Ramanujan identities --- combinatorial partition-theoretic identities --- Schur’s, the Göllnitz-Gordon’s and the Göllnitz’s partition identities --- Schur’s second partition theorem