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Book
Measuring Fiscal Vulnerability and Fiscal Stress : A Proposed Set of Indicators
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1462325343 1462366716 1283560593 9786613873040 145525231X Year: 2011 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Abstract

This paper proposes a set of fiscal indicators to assess rollover risks using the conceptual framework developed by Cottarelli (2011). These indicators provide early warning signals about the manifestation of these risks, giving policymakers the opportunity to adjust policies before extreme fiscal stress events. Two aggregate indices are calculated: an index of fiscal vulnerability and an index of fiscal stress. Results show that both indices are elevated for advanced economies, reflecting unfavorable medium-term debt dynamics and aging-related spending pressures. In emerging economies, solvency risks are lower, but the composition of public debt remains a source of risk and the fiscal position is weaker than before the crisis.


Book
International Reserves and Rollover Risk
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1475534558 1616359366 129926509X 1475582412 9781475582413 1475571291 Year: 2013 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Abstract

Two striking facts about international capital flows in emerging economies motivate this paper: (1) Governments hold large amounts of international reserves, for which they obtain a return lower than their borrowing cost. (2) Purchases of domestic assets by nonresidents and purchases of foreign assets by residents are both procyclical and collapse during crises. We propose a dynamic model of endogenous default that can account for these facts. The government faces a trade-off between the benefits of keeping reserves as a buffer against rollover risk and the cost of having larger gross debt positions. Long-duration bonds, the countercyclical default premium, and sudden stops are important for the quantitative success of the model.

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