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This note focuses on the current debt situation of UZ, the associated risks and ways to manage them. It does not address broader financial sustainability issues and how to finance the investment backlog. This is of paramount importance and should be a priority for future work. This note uses an analysis of the available audited financial statements in the January 1, 2014 -June 30, 2018 period to discuss risks and concerns regarding the financial viability of the UZ going forward given the near-critical liquidity situation and widespread solvency concerns in the financial markets. This note suggests some steps for ameliorating the present dire liquidity situation: (i) A clear market opening and corporate restructuring strategy; (ii) detailed review of the asset valuation exercise carried out by reputable asset evaluators; (iii) based on the results of asset revaluation, seek Government consent to sell non-core assets and (iv) seek support in raising substantial investment resources at reasonable cost necessary to carry out the adopted modernization strategy and reach sustainable levels of business operation in the medium-to-longer run (such as increasing the share of current assets by selling non-core fixed assets such as land and buildings). Any sustainable solution going forward, hinges on an open commitment to market opening and deep organizational and management restructuring programs discussed in other policy notes. Given the ownership structure, political and social importance of UZ, and the legal status of the company, this cannot be done without full ownership and support of the government (including the Ministry of Finance). Additionally, given the size of the company and present institutional and governance risks, successful restructuring and changed perception of domestic and international financial markets will critically depend on the credibility of the program.

Debt Management

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The objective of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment is to review the current performance of the public financial management (PFM) systems, processes, and institutions of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR). The assessment is aimed at assisting the government in identifying PFM weaknesses that may inhibit effective delivery of services to its citizens and the realization of its development objectives in general. Furthermore, the findings of the PEFA assessment will assist the government in refining the PFM reform strategy that it has already developed and provide the basis for a coherent PFM reform program that can be supported by development partners (DPs), as well as through the government's own initiatives. The regional PEFA assessment covered regional government budgeted units, the Office of Federal Auditor General (OFAG), and Parliament. The assessment shows the state of PFM performance of the region at the time of the fieldwork in November 2019.

Accountability --- Debt Management --- Public Sector Development --- Transparency

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Effective public debt management is a cornerstone of financial stability and sustainable fiscal policy. The composition of public debt has been an important factor in many economic and financial crises, as excessive exposure to changes in exchange rates and interest rates can result in large negative impacts on public finances. During the 2008-2009 crisis, however, middle-income countries generally performed well. The Colombian government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at reducing vulnerability of the government's balance sheet to financial shocks. This report summarizes the main outcomes of the Government Debt and Risk Management Program (GDRM) in Colombia. The World Bank (WB) delivered this technical assistance (TA) through its Government Debt and Risk Management (GDRM) program, supporting Colombia, in particular the General Directorate of Public Credit and National Treasury (DGCPTN), in implementing the priority public debt management reforms. This report summarizes the main outcomes achieved by the DGCPTN under the GDRM framework, which has a strong focus on outcomes. The report is divided into five sections, with each section corresponding to a focus area of the GDRM program. In turn, each section is divided in three subsections as follows: (i) progress made until March 2016; (ii) recommendations for further strengthening public debt and cash management in the respective areas; and (iii) potential future technical assistance as discussed with the authorities during the latest mission (March 2016).

Debt Management --- Debt Management and Fiscal Sustainability --- Debt Markets --- Economic Management --- Finance and Financial Sector Development

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This paper analyzes results of a survey on debt management strategies conducted by the Banking and Debt Management Department of the World Bank. The analysis focuses on (1) whether a public debt management strategy exists in a given country, (2) whether it is made public, and (3) in which form it is imparted. The paper analyzes the distribution of the latter characteristics over different regions, income groups, and levels of indebtedness using graphical analysis. Using regression analysis, it investigates the extent to which basic economic factors can explain the characteristics of public debt management strategies across countries.

Debt Management Department --- Debt Management Strategies --- Debt management strategy --- Debt managers --- Debt Markets --- Debt obligations --- Debt portfolio --- Debt servicing --- Economic Theory and Research --- External Debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Government debt --- International Economics & Trade --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Public Debt --- Public Debt Management --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Strategic Debt Management

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The rationale for the public expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA) assessment is to provide a clear and deeper understanding about the functioning of public financial management (PFM) systems as well as the organizational aspects of existing institutions at county levels. The results of the analysis provide useful insights into relevant entry points for desired PFM-related reforms and a benchmark for the necessary upgrade of the PFM systems which are still in the early stages of development within Kenya's devolved units of government. This assessment was organized and commissioned by Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) in collaboration with the World Bank and involves other organizations. KIPPRA also carried out the actual survey and assessment and was responsible for management and monitoring of the exercise. The assessment period covers three financial years, namely FY2013-14, FY2014-15, and FY2015-16, and focused on various indicators and dimensions as defined in the PEFA assessment tools.

Accountability --- Accounting --- Debt Management --- Local Government --- Public Finance --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Reform --- Transparency