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When it was first developed, the cochlear implant was hailed as a "miracle cure" for deafness. That relatively few deaf adults seemed to want it was puzzling. The technology was then modified for use with deaf children, 90 percent of whom have hearing parents. Then, controversy struck as the Deaf community overwhelmingly protested the use of the device and procedure. For them, the cochlear implant was not viewed in the context of medical progress and advances in the physiology of hearing, but instead represented the historic oppression of deaf people and of sign languages. Part ethnography and part historical study, The Artificial Ear is based on interviews with researchers who were pivotal in the early development and implementation of the new technology. Through an analysis of the scientific and clinical literature, Stuart Blume reconstructs the history of artificial hearing from its conceptual origins in the 1930's, to the first attempt at cochlear implantation in Paris in the 1950's, and to the widespread clinical application of the "bionic ear" since the 1980's.

Hearing Impaired Persons --- Health Policy. --- Cochlear Implants --- Cochlear implants --- Cochlear stimulators --- Electrode implantation, Intracochlear --- Implantation, Intracochlear electrode --- Implants, Cochlear --- Intracochlear electrode implantation --- Stimulators, Cochlear --- Cochlea --- Electric stimulation --- Hearing aids --- Implants, Artificial --- Prosthesis --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Hearing Disabled Persons --- Deaf Persons --- Hard of Hearing Persons --- Deaf Person --- Disabled Persons, Hearing --- Hearing Disabled Person --- Hearing Impaired Person --- Person, Deaf --- Person, Hearing Disabled --- Person, Hearing Impaired --- Persons, Deaf --- Persons, Hearing Disabled --- Persons, Hearing Impaired --- Hearing Disorders --- Deaf-Blind Disorders --- psychology. --- History. --- Social aspects. --- Surgery --- Geschichte 1950-2010 --- Geschichte 1930-2010 --- Psychology. --- Geschichte 1950-2010.

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People with visual disabilities --- Eye --- Rehabilitation --- Diseases --- Diseases. --- Rehabilitation. --- Vision Disorders. --- Visually Impaired Persons. --- Blindness & Visual Impairment. --- Blind Persons --- Blind Person --- Impaired Person, Visually --- Impaired Persons, Visually --- Person, Blind --- Person, Visually Impaired --- Persons, Blind --- Persons, Visually Impaired --- Visually Impaired Person --- Day Blindness --- Metamorphopsia --- Vision Disability --- Visual Disorders --- Visual Impairment --- Hemeralopia --- Macropsia --- Micropsia --- Blindness, Day --- Disabilities, Vision --- Disability, Vision --- Disorder, Visual --- Disorders, Visual --- Hemeralopias --- Impairment, Visual --- Impairments, Visual --- Macropsias --- Metamorphopsias --- Micropsias --- Vision Disabilities --- Vision Disorder --- Visual Disorder --- Visual Impairments --- Eyeball --- Eyes --- Visual system --- Partially seeing persons --- Partially sighted persons --- Vision disorders --- Visually disabled persons --- Visually handicapped --- Visually impaired persons --- Diseases and defects --- Patients --- Vision Disorders --- Deaf-Blind Disorders --- Face --- Photoreceptors --- Vision --- People with disabilities --- Ophthalmology --- Arts and Humanities --- Health Sciences --- Physics --- Social Sciences --- Education & Careers --- General and Others --- Optics & Opto Electronics --- Behavioral Science (Psychology) and Counselling --- Disability Studies & Assistance --- Troubles de la vision --- Persons with Visual Disabilities.

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Mentally Ill Persons --- Mental Disorders --- Deafness --- Persons With Hearing Impairments. . --- Community Mental Health Services. --- Assertive Community Treatment --- Health Services, Community Mental --- Services, Community Mental Health --- Services, Mental Health Community --- Mental Health Services, Community --- Community Treatment, Assertive --- Treatment, Assertive Community --- Hearing Disabled Persons --- Deaf Persons --- Hard of Hearing Persons --- Hearing Impaired Persons --- Deaf Person --- Disabled Persons, Hearing --- Hearing Disabled Person --- Hearing Impaired Person --- Person, Deaf --- Person, Hearing Disabled --- Person, Hearing Impaired --- Persons, Deaf --- Persons, Hearing Disabled --- Persons, Hearing Impaired --- Hearing Disorders --- Deaf-Blind Disorders --- psychology. . --- therapy. --- psychology. --- Deaf --- Mental illness --- Community mental health services --- Mental health services --- Mental health --- Treatment --- Madness --- Mental diseases --- Mental disorders --- Disabilities --- Psychology, Pathological --- Deaf-mutes --- Deaf people --- Hearing impaired --- Deafblind people --- Patients

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In this probing exploration of what it means to be deaf, Brenda Brueggemann goes beyond any simple notion of identity politics to explore the very nature of identity itself. Looking at a variety of cultural texts, she brings her fascination with borders and between-places to expose and enrich our understanding of how deafness embodies itself in the world, in the visual, and in language.Taking on the creation of the modern deaf subject, Brueggemann ranges from the intersections of gender and deafness in the work of photographers Mary and Frances Allen at the turn of the last century, to the state of the field of Deaf Studies at the beginning of our new century. She explores the power and potential of American Sign Language—wedged, as she sees it, between letter-bound language and visual ways of learning—and argues for a rhetorical approach and digital future for ASL literature.The narration of deaf lives through writing becomes a pivot around which to imagine how digital media and documentary can be used to convey deaf life stories. Finally, she expands our notion of diversity within the deaf identity itself, takes on the complex relationship between deaf and hearing people, and offers compelling illustrations of the intertwined, and sometimes knotted, nature of individual and collective identities within Deaf culture.

Sign Language --- History, 20th Century --- History, 19th Century --- Hearing Impaired Persons --- Deafness --- Culture --- Deafness. --- Deaf. --- Hearing loss --- Audiology --- Ear --- Hearing disorders --- Hearing --- Deaf-mutes --- Deaf people --- Hearing impaired --- Deafblind people --- Deaf Mutism --- Deaf-Mutism --- Deafness, Acquired --- Hearing Loss, Complete --- Hearing Loss, Extreme --- Deafness Permanent --- Hearing Loss Permanent --- Prelingual Deafness --- Acquired Deafness --- Complete Hearing Loss --- Deafness, Prelingual --- Extreme Hearing Loss --- Permanent, Deafness --- Permanent, Hearing Loss --- Permanents, Deafness --- Hearing Loss, Bilateral --- Lipreading --- Persons With Hearing Impairments --- Beliefs --- Cultural Background --- Cultural Relativism --- Customs --- Background, Cultural --- Backgrounds, Cultural --- Belief --- Cultural Backgrounds --- Cultural Relativisms --- Cultures --- Relativism, Cultural --- Relativisms, Cultural --- Hearing Disabled Persons --- Deaf Persons --- Hard of Hearing Persons --- Deaf Person --- Disabled Persons, Hearing --- Hearing Disabled Person --- Hearing Impaired Person --- Person, Deaf --- Person, Hearing Disabled --- Person, Hearing Impaired --- Persons, Deaf --- Persons, Hearing Disabled --- Persons, Hearing Impaired --- Hearing Disorders --- Deaf-Blind Disorders --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Language, Sign --- Languages, Sign --- Sign Languages --- Language --- history --- Diseases --- Patients --- Culture. --- History, 19th Century. --- History, 20th Century/ --- Persons with Hearing Impairments. --- Sign Language. --- history. --- Brenda. --- Brueggeman. --- beyond. --- deaf. --- exploration. --- explore. --- goes. --- identity. --- itself. --- means. --- nature. --- notion. --- politics. --- probing. --- simple. --- this. --- very. --- what. --- Deaf people. --- History, 20th Century. --- Persons with Hearing Disabilities.