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Longevity and long-life practices have been a pan-Tibetan concern for a very long time, but have hardly been studied by anthropologists. This book presents ethnographic accounts and textual material demonstrating how Tibetans in the Darjeeling Hills, India, view the life-span and map out certain life-forces in various areas of knowledge. These life-forces follow daily, monthly, and annual cycles. Divinations and astrological calculations are widely but varyingly used by Tibetans to assess the strength of life-forces and forecast difficult periods in their lives. Loss, exhaustion, or periodic weaknesses of life-forces are treated medically or through Tibetan Buddhist practices and rituals. In all these events, temporality and agency are deeply interlinked in the ways in which Tibetans enhance their vitality, prolong their life-spans, and avoid ‘untimely deaths.’
Tibetans --- Tibetans --- Longevity --- Life span, Productive --- Old age --- Social conditions. --- Religion. --- Darjeeling (India : District) --- Darjeeling (India : District) --- Religious life and customs. --- Social life and customs.
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Since the British colonial period anthropology has been central to policy in India. But today, while the Indian state continues to use ethnography to govern, those who were the "objects" of study are harnessing disciplinary knowledge to redefine their communities, achieve greater prosperity, and secure political rights. In this groundbreaking study, Townsend Middleton tracks these newfound "lives" of anthropology. Offering simultaneous ethnographies of the people of Darjeeling's quest for "tribal" status and the government anthropologists handling their claims, Middleton exposes how minorities are—and are not—recognized for affirmative action and autonomy. We encounter communities putting on elaborate spectacles of sacrifice, exorcism, bows and arrows, and blood drinking to prove their "primitiveness" and "backwardness." Conversely, we see government anthropologists struggle for the ethnographic truth as communities increasingly turn academic paradigms back upon the state. The Demands of Recognition offers a compelling look at the escalating politics of tribal recognition in India. At once ethnographic and historical, it chronicles how multicultural governance has motivated the people of Darjeeling to ethnologically redefine themselves—from Gorkha to tribal and back. But as these communities now know, not all forms of difference are legible in the eyes of the state. The Gorkhas' search for recognition has only amplified these communities' anxieties about who they are—and who they must be—if they are to attain the rights, autonomy, and belonging they desire.
Gorkha (South Asian people) --- Ethnology --- Ethnicity --- Identity politics --- Identity (Psychology) --- Politics of identity --- Political participation --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Ghoorka (South Asian people) --- Ghurka (South Asian people) --- Goorkha (South Asian people) --- Gurkha (South Asian people) --- Gurkhas --- Politics and government. --- Government relations. --- Ethnic identity. --- Political aspects --- Darjeeling (India : District) --- Dārjiliṃ Jelā (India) --- Dārjiling (India : District) --- Scheduled tribes --- Government policy.
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This book presents a close look at the growth, success, and proliferation of ethnic politics on the peripheries of modern South Asia, built around a case study of the Nepal ethnic group that lives in the borderlands of Sikkim, Darjeeling, and east Nepal. Grounded in historical and ethnographic research, it critically examines the relationship between culture and politics in a geographical space that is home to a diverse range of ethnic identities, showing how new modes of political representation, cultural activism, and everyday politics have emerged from the region.
Ethnische Identität --- Gurkha --- Separatismus --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / General. --- Politische Bewegung --- Autonomiebewegung --- Partikularismus --- Unabhängigkeitsbewegung --- Separatist --- Gorkha --- Ghurka --- Nepal --- Gruppenidentität --- Rassische Identität --- Rassisches Bewusstsein --- Rassenidentität --- Identität --- Ethnizität --- Kulturelle Identität --- Ethnische Gruppe --- Ethnie --- Rasse --- Sikkim (India) --- Darjeeling (India : District) --- Dārjiliṃ Jelā (India) --- Dārjiling (India : District) --- Sikhim (India) --- Sikkim --- Sikkima (India) --- Politics and government. --- Ethnicity --- Democracy --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Political aspects --- South Asia --- Ethnic Politics, Democracy, Cultural Revivalism, Borderlands, Eastern Himalaya.
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