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Dangerous animals --- Poisonous plants

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Dangerous marine animals.

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Because of the widespread opinion in the population that the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) induce aggressiveness and violent behaviour, in 2002 the Norwegian Ministry of Justice considered suggesting to the Parliament that such use should be made illegal. However, experts disagreed upon whether any such connexion was proven. The Ministry therefore commissioned a systematic review of the scientific evidence from a group of medical doctors with experience in forensic medicine, substance abuse, anti-doping work and health technology assessment. Search strategy and study selection The bibliographic databases Medline, Embase, PsycLit, Toxline and the databases of INAHTA and the Cochrane collaboration were searched with a combination of terms signifying aggression, violence, criminal behaviour and androgenic-anabolic steroids (Appendix 1). Animal studies and case reports were excluded. Only studies published in English, German or Scandinavian languages were considered. The search was last performed in August 2003. All studies considered possibly relevant were retrieved and read independently by two group members. The studies finally included were read and discussed by all group members. Results The literature search identified 1677 articles, 146 of these (listed in Appendix 2) were retrieved in full text. All of these were registered in Medline or Embase, or both. 25 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, primary data from some of these studies were reported in more than one article. There were six randomized placebo-controlled studies (13-19), four other controlled studies (20-24) and fifteen observational studies (25-39). Among the latter seven were studies of the general population (25-31), three were of body-builders (32-34), two of unselected criminals from prison populations (35-36), two were of criminal users of AAS (37-38) and one of dead presumed users of AAS (39). Details of the included studies are found in the evidence tables in Appendix 4. Main conclusions1. There is good evidence that low doping doses influence the level of aggressiveness only slightly or not at all.2. There is no evidence that moderate doping doses (75-200mg AAS daily orally or 50-100mg daily as injection) increase aggressiveness.3. No studies have been done with different AAS concurrently or as repeatedly over long periods of time. The doses used in the experimental studies are far lower than doses used as doping. Accordingly, there is no evidence based on experiments of the effect of such regimens or doses.4. In the experimental studies using the highest doses there is some evidence that high doses of AAS in some individuals may trigger mania or hypomania, mental states that may include increased aggressiveness.5. In the population studies there is a clear association between the use of AAS, aggressiveness and violence (both as perpetrator and as victim). It is not clear whether there is any causal connection. In the subcultures with much use of AAS there is also more use of alcohol and illicit drugs, more high-risk behaviour and more acceptance of violent behaviour.6. There exist some case series and a number of case reports describing persons who have used AAS and performed violent acts. However, these publications are purely descriptive and do not give good evidence on causality. Summing up There is insufficient scientific evidence to decide whether there is a causal link between the use of AAS, aggressiveness and violent behaviour. On the other hand, the scientific evidence cannot disprove that such a causal link exists, especially after use of high doses of AAS by susceptible individuals.

Dangerous behavior. --- Violence.

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La deuxième édition complète de ces Principes vise à aider les pouvoirs publics, l'industrie et les collectivités dans le monde entier à anticiper les accidents résultant de catastrophes technologiques et naturelles ou de sabotages et impliquant des substances dangereuses. Elle aborde les thèmes suivants : prévention des accidents et quasi-accidents chimiques ; préparation aux accidents par l’élaboration de plans d’urgence, d’une communication avec le public, etc.; mesures à prendre pour faire face aux accidents et réduire autant que possible

Chemicals --- Hazardous substances --- Accidents --- Dangerous chemicals --- Dangerous goods --- Dangerous materials --- Dangerous substances --- Hazardous chemicals --- Hazardous goods --- Hazardous materials --- Hazmats --- Materials

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Leon N. Moses In June 1991, the Transportation Center at Northwestern University sponsored Hazmat Transport '91: A National Conference on the Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Wastes. The faculty associated with the center were aware that there had been many professional, industrial and government conferences and meetings on the subject. However, they believed that the unique capacity of the Transportation Center to bring together leaders from industry and government, as well as leading scholars from economics, law, engineering, psychology and sociology who have done research on the problems associated with the transportation of hazardous materials and wastes (hazmats), could produce a set of integrated insights and understandings that would go well beyond those of previous conferences. The papers that make up this volume were all delivered at Hazmat Transport '91. From a legislative point of view, they tend to deal with issues associated with the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1975 (HMTA), the original act passed to regulate the transportation of hazardous materials, and the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (HMTVSA). There were talks and papers presented at the conference that focused on other recent legislation and transportation issues with which HMTUSA does not deal. The conference proceedings volume also had discussions and papers on significant managerial and regulatory issues that could not be included in this volume because of constraints on its size. Therefore, this essay is made up of three parts.

Hazardous substances --- Transportation --- Dangerous chemicals --- Dangerous goods --- Dangerous materials --- Dangerous substances --- Hazardous chemicals --- Hazardous goods --- Hazardous materials --- Hazmats --- Chemicals --- Materials