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Early human development from late gestation to the neonatal period is a critical time in the individual’s life span. Medical issues that compromise the brain functions during late gestation and the first months of life could lead to different developmental problems with consequent lifelong burdens for the growing individuals and their families, and a major socio-economic impact for the health care system and the whole of society. Any potential alleviation of perinatal adversities holds promise of an improved quality of life for the individual, and a major benefit for the society at large. It remains a concerted worldwide effort to improve our understanding on effective monitoring systems and clinical diagnostic procedures to reduce fetal impairment and improve healthcare in the neonatal and infant period. The focus of this Research Topic will be on the most recent developments and findings in the field of non-invasive functional brain monitoring in order to: 1) increase our knowledge on novel diagnostic tools and procedures for the surveillance of fetuses and newborn babies, 2) help us to perform high quality functional assessment of the developing human brain during pregnancy and after birth, 3) understand and diagnose pathological developments with a potentially high clinical and societal impact, 4) understand how to improve perinatal and infant care. Potential topics include, but are not restricted to: 1) non-invasive electrophysiological monitoring technologies for brain function in the fetus, neonate and infant, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), 2) novel or consolidated analytical methods and models for the quantification and interpretation of the functional signals recorded from the developing brain, 3) typical and atypical brain development during pregnancy and the first years of life, 4) personalized clinical diagnostic procedures for perinatal and paediatric surveillance.

Fetus --- Newborn infants --- Neurosciences --- Brain --- Development. --- Research. --- Imaging. --- embryology. --- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) --- Electroencephalography (EEG) --- prematurity --- neurodevelopment --- connectivity --- Brain monitoring --- cerebral blood flow --- autonomic nervous system (ANS) --- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) --- fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG)

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• Reference Manager
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Early human development from late gestation to the neonatal period is a critical time in the individual’s life span. Medical issues that compromise the brain functions during late gestation and the first months of life could lead to different developmental problems with consequent lifelong burdens for the growing individuals and their families, and a major socio-economic impact for the health care system and the whole of society. Any potential alleviation of perinatal adversities holds promise of an improved quality of life for the individual, and a major benefit for the society at large. It remains a concerted worldwide effort to improve our understanding on effective monitoring systems and clinical diagnostic procedures to reduce fetal impairment and improve healthcare in the neonatal and infant period. The focus of this Research Topic will be on the most recent developments and findings in the field of non-invasive functional brain monitoring in order to: 1) increase our knowledge on novel diagnostic tools and procedures for the surveillance of fetuses and newborn babies, 2) help us to perform high quality functional assessment of the developing human brain during pregnancy and after birth, 3) understand and diagnose pathological developments with a potentially high clinical and societal impact, 4) understand how to improve perinatal and infant care. Potential topics include, but are not restricted to: 1) non-invasive electrophysiological monitoring technologies for brain function in the fetus, neonate and infant, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), 2) novel or consolidated analytical methods and models for the quantification and interpretation of the functional signals recorded from the developing brain, 3) typical and atypical brain development during pregnancy and the first years of life, 4) personalized clinical diagnostic procedures for perinatal and paediatric surveillance.

Fetus --- Newborn infants --- Neurosciences --- Brain --- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) --- Electroencephalography (EEG) --- prematurity --- neurodevelopment --- connectivity --- Brain monitoring --- cerebral blood flow --- autonomic nervous system (ANS) --- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) --- fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) --- Development. --- Research. --- Imaging. --- embryology.

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This Special Issue contains articles discussing various topics surrounding degenerative cervical myelopathy. The Issue begins with an editorial summarizing the various articles, and is followed by an introductory narrative review focusing on past perspectives, present developments, and future directions. The remaining 11 articles involve a variety of topics, ranging from genetic factors to clinical assessments, imaging, sagittal balance, surgical treatment, and outcome prediction.

EQ-5D --- PROMIS --- spine --- transformation --- quality of life --- patient outcomes --- validation --- degenerative cervical myelopathy --- elderly --- old age --- outcomes --- complications --- mJOA --- SF-36 --- cervical canal stenosis --- cervical spine surgery --- higher-aged patients --- neurological outcome --- mJOA Score --- MCID --- genetics --- single nucleotide polymorphism --- ossification posterior longitudinal ligament --- severity --- surgery --- focus issue --- update --- cervical spondylotic myelopathy --- compressive myelopathy --- cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) --- prospective --- multicenter --- anterior --- posterior --- cervical alignment --- kyphosis --- spinopelvic parameter --- laminoplasty --- myelopathy --- physical impairment --- gait --- locomotion --- gait assessment --- enhanced gait variability index --- degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) --- surgical outcome --- MRI --- DTI --- FA --- ADC --- signal changes spinal canal --- neurophysiology --- SSEP --- MEP --- cervical myelopathy --- spinal cord compression --- rheumatoid arthritis (RA) --- cranial settling (CS) --- atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) --- atlantoaxial instability (AAI) --- diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) --- fractional anisotropy (FA) --- cervical MRI --- myelopathy hand --- snake-eye --- owl sign --- Hirayama disease --- introduction --- spinal cord injury --- spondylosis