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Molecular Machines presents a dynamic new approach to the physics of enzymes and DNA from the perspective of materials science. Unified around the concept of molecular deformability-how proteins and DNA stretch, fold, and change shape-this book describes the complex molecules of life from the innovative perspective of materials properties and dynamics, in contrast to structural or purely chemical approaches. It covers a wealth of topics, including nonlinear deformability of enzymes and DNA; the chemo-dynamic cycle of enzymes; supra-molecular constructions with internal stress; nano-rheology and viscoelasticity; and chemical kinetics, Brownian motion, and barrier crossing. Essential reading for researchers in materials science, engineering, and nanotechnology, the book also describes the landmark experiments that have established the materials properties and energy landscape of large biological molecules.Molecular Machines is also ideal for the classroom. It gives graduate students a working knowledge of model building in statistical mechanics, making it an essential resource for tomorrow's experimentalists in this cutting-edge field. In addition, mathematical methods are introduced in the bio-molecular context-for example, DNA conformational transitions are used to illustrate the transfer matrix formalism. The result is a generalized approach to mathematical problem solving that enables students to apply their findings more broadly.Molecular Machines represents the next leap forward in nanoscience, as researchers strive to harness proteins, enzymes, and DNA as veritable machines in medicine, technology, and beyond.

Molecular biology. --- Biomolecules. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Biological molecules --- Molecules --- Molecular biology --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Brownian motion. --- DNA deformation. --- DNA melting. --- DNA molecules. --- DNA. --- allosteric control. --- atoms. --- base pairing. --- base stacking. --- cells. --- chemical kinetics. --- deformations. --- diffusion. --- enzyme deformability dynamics. --- enzyme operation. --- enzymes. --- equilibrium. --- folded protein. --- gene expression. --- kinematics. --- mathematical methods. --- molecular deformability. --- molecular machine. --- molecular machines. --- nano-rheology. --- nearest neighbor model. --- nonequilibrium state. --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics. --- nonlinear deformability. --- statistical mechanics. --- steady state. --- thermal fluctuation. --- viscoelasticity. --- zipper model.

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The book has 25 articles about the status and new directions in forensic genetics. Approximately half of the articles are invited reviews, and the remaining articles deal with new forensic genetic methods. The articles cover aspects such as sampling DNA evidence at the scene of a crime; DNA transfer when handling evidence material and how to avoid DNA contamination of items, laboratory, etc.; identification of body fluids and tissues with RNA; forensic microbiome analysis with molecular biology methods as a supplement to the examination of human DNA; forensic DNA phenotyping for predicting visible traits such as eye, hair, and skin colour; new ancestry informative DNA markers for estimating ethnic origin; new genetic genealogy methods for identifying distant relatives that cannot be identified with conventional forensic DNA typing; sensitive DNA methods, including single-cell DNA analysis and other highly specialised and sensitive methods to examine ancient DNA from unidentified victims of war; forensic animal genetics; genetics of visible traits in dogs; statistical tools for interpreting forensic DNA analyses, including the most used IT tools for forensic STR-typing and DNA sequencing; haploid markers (Y-chromosome and mitochondria DNA); inference of ethnic origin; a comprehensive logical framework for the interpretation of forensic genetic DNA data; and an overview of the ethical aspects of modern forensic genetics.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Genetics (non-medical) --- TaqMan SNP genotyping --- OpenArray™ system --- forensic DNA phenotyping --- forensic DNA typing --- animal forensics --- wildlife forensics --- cat STRs --- dog STRs --- cyt b --- COI --- biogeographic ancestry --- pigmentation --- skin color --- externally visible characteristics --- forensic genetics --- eye colour --- rs12913832 --- DNA phenotyping --- domestic dog (Canis familiaris) --- canine DNA phenotyping --- forensic --- proof of concept study --- evidence --- Y-STR --- mtDNA --- mitochondria --- bio-geographical ancestry --- massively parallel sequencing --- ancestry informative markers --- SNPs --- 1000 Genomes --- Human Origins SNP array --- FDP --- HIrisPlex-S --- DEPArray --- ancestry prediction --- phenotype prediction --- next-generation sequencing --- single-cell genomics --- single-cell sequencing --- mixture deconvolution --- low template DNA --- ltDNA --- probabilistic genotyping --- EuroForMix --- DNAStatistX --- STRmixTM --- DNA forensics --- DNA mixture --- mixture interpretation --- single-cell --- clustering algorithm --- number of contributors --- consensus profile --- cross-amplification --- microsatellites --- Strigiformes --- illegal trade --- kinship --- nocturnal raptors --- review --- body fluid --- organ --- tissue --- identification --- mRNA --- DNA methylation --- activity level --- massively parallel sequencing (MPS) --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- short tandem repeat (STR) --- sequence analysis --- software --- DNA transfer --- DNA persistence --- DNA prevalence --- DNA recovery --- activity level evaluation --- forensic science --- ethics --- ethics as lived practice --- decision-making --- genetic databasing --- forensic genealogy --- forensic epigenetics --- communication --- database --- SNP --- next generation sequencing --- hybridization capture --- bone --- transfer --- persistence --- activity --- Bayesian networks --- burglary --- CODIS --- touch DNA --- crime scene --- authorized --- sampling --- short tandem repeat --- forensic microbiology --- microbiome --- physical appearance --- human genome variation --- DNA-based prediction --- investigative leads --- forensic DNA intelligence --- forensic genomics --- degraded DNA --- mitochondrial DNA --- forensic DNA profiling --- ancient DNA --- human identification --- ancestry --- biostatistics --- clustering --- classification --- distance based --- likehood --- hypothesis tests --- DNA molecules --- decontamination --- cleaning strategies --- Romanov family --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- heteroplasmy --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) --- kinship analyses --- biological sexing --- DNA --- principles of interpretation --- investigative --- evaluative --- reporting --- LR --- propositions --- activity issues