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Carcinogens. --- Biodegradation --- Dna adducts --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- Biodegradation --- Dna adducts --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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DNA ADDUCTS --- FISHES --- PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES --- ISOTOPE LABELING --- DNA ADDUCTS --- FISHES --- PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES --- ISOTOPE LABELING

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons --- DNA Adducts --- adverse effects --- analysis

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Many researchers around the world have demonstrated that the expression of miRNAs is dysregulated in different tumors. Such dysregulation is caused by multiple mechanisms, and exposure to different carcinogens causes dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. Cancer cells with abnormal miRNA expression evolve the capability to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, activate invasion and metastasis, and induce angiogenesis. Genome-wide profiling demonstrates that miRNA expression signatures are associated with tumor type, tumor grade and clinical outcomes, so miRNAs could be potential candidates for diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets and preventive screening programs. Although miRNAs have multiple targets, their function in tumorigenesis is due to their regulation of a few specific targets. After the first detection of altered miRNA in leukemia, microRNAs have been demonstrated to be constantly altered in all cancer. More recently, microRNA has been shown to be altered by exposure to environmental carcinogens, thus driving the whole process of carcinogenesis. Our aim is to provide a rigorous peer review and publish cutting-edge research on the role of microRNA in cancer prevention therapy to educate and inspire the scientific community worldwide.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- breast cancer --- miRNAs --- liquid biopsy --- angiogenesis --- biomarkers --- early diagnosis --- air pollution --- biomarker --- exposure --- human --- lung cancer --- miRNA --- carcinogenesis --- microRNA --- asbestos exposure --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- diagnosis --- prognosis --- saliva --- neuroblastoma --- MYCN amplification --- metastases --- chemoresistance --- public health genomics --- genetic polymorphisms --- epigenetic modulations --- genetic and microbiome markers --- health technology assessment --- early disease prevention --- nonsmokers lung cancer --- environmental risk factors --- oncogenes --- mutations --- glioblastoma --- microRNAs --- cancer --- qPCR --- cancer stem cells --- plasticizers --- in vitro study --- PRISMA --- no-smokers lung cancer --- DNA adducts --- mesothelioma --- extracellular vesicles --- miR-625 --- fluoro-edenite --- asbestos --- malignant mesothelioma --- cancer prevention --- microbiota --- epigenetics --- environmental pollutants --- cutaneous tissues --- ozone exposure --- breast cancer --- miRNAs --- liquid biopsy --- angiogenesis --- biomarkers --- early diagnosis --- air pollution --- biomarker --- exposure --- human --- lung cancer --- miRNA --- carcinogenesis --- microRNA --- asbestos exposure --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- diagnosis --- prognosis --- saliva --- neuroblastoma --- MYCN amplification --- metastases --- chemoresistance --- public health genomics --- genetic polymorphisms --- epigenetic modulations --- genetic and microbiome markers --- health technology assessment --- early disease prevention --- nonsmokers lung cancer --- environmental risk factors --- oncogenes --- mutations --- glioblastoma --- microRNAs --- cancer --- qPCR --- cancer stem cells --- plasticizers --- in vitro study --- PRISMA --- no-smokers lung cancer --- DNA adducts --- mesothelioma --- extracellular vesicles --- miR-625 --- fluoro-edenite --- asbestos --- malignant mesothelioma --- cancer prevention --- microbiota --- epigenetics --- environmental pollutants --- cutaneous tissues --- ozone exposure

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Biomarkers of environmental toxicants are measures of exposures, some of which can serve to assess disease risk and inter-individual susceptibilities. Metabolites, protein and DNA adducts also serve to elucidate the mechanisms of the bioactivation and detoxication of reactive toxicant intermediates. Some environmental chemicals act as modulators of gene and protein activity, and induce the dysbiosis of the microbiome, which impacts the metabolome and overall health. In this Special Issue on “Biomarkers of Environmental Toxicants”, review articles and original research studies are featured, covering the latest bioanalytical, biochemical and mass spectrometry-based technologies, to monitor exposures through targeted and non-targeted methods, and mechanistic studies that examine the biological effects of environmental toxicants in cells and humans. Diverse topics, such as exposome, microbiome, DNA/protein adducts and t-RNA modifications, as well as important environment toxicants, including heavy metals, benzene, phthalates, aldehydes, glycidol, tobacco smoke and aristolochic acids, are covered. Novel analytical methods, such as protein adductomics, DNA adduct analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, site-specific mutagenesis assay and accelerator mass spectrometry, are also included. This collection provides a valuable update of the most recent biochemical and analytical tools that employ biomarkers in toxicology research, biomarker discovery, and exposure and risk assessment in population-based studies.

manganese --- lead --- cadmium --- arsenic --- hair --- children --- environment --- carcinogen --- DNA adducts --- biomonitoring --- formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues --- biomarker --- mass spectrometry --- human biomonitoring --- urine --- non-occupational exposure --- S-phenyl-mercapturic acid --- HPLC-MS/MS --- glycidol --- Hb adduct --- N-(2.3-dihydroxypropyl)valine --- in vivo --- cancer risk --- UPLC/MS/MS --- aristolochic acids --- food contamination --- environmental pollution --- root uptake --- aristolochic acid nephropathy --- Balkan endemic nephropathy --- chronic kidney disease --- tobacco smoke --- human carcinogen --- biomarkers --- epitranscriptomics --- tRNA modifications --- stress response mechanisms --- codon-biased translation --- phthalate --- DEHP --- human exposure --- toxicity --- reproductive --- accelerator mass spectrometry --- cavity ring down spectrophotometry --- radiocarbon --- naphthalene --- benzo[a]pyrene --- cell turnover --- triclocarban --- metastasis --- haemoglobin --- albumin --- protein adducts --- aldehydes --- genotoxicity --- cancer --- diseases --- oxidative stress --- exposure biomarkers --- high-resolution mass spectrometry --- data-dependent profiling --- derivatization --- biological fluids --- isotope labeling --- DNA lesion --- DNA damage --- shuttle vector technique --- replication block --- mutagenicity --- mutational spectrum --- mutational signature --- DNA repair --- DNA adduct bypass --- site-specific mutagenesis --- chemical exposome --- environmental monitoring --- disease --- bioinformatics --- gut microbiome --- chemical toxicity --- n/a