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The impacts of climate change on crop production are already a reality in Europe and across the rest of the world. In order to mitigate these impacts, access to unexploited genetic crop diversity for the production of new varieties that can thrive in more extreme environmental conditions is of prime importance. Herein, genetic diversity should provide the raw materials for breeding and plant improvements. Despite the vast pool of resources that exist, much of the germplasm richness found in gene banks is poorly documented. To overcome the barriers between germplasm conservation and use, a complete evaluation is necessary to determine the useful diversity they contain.This Special Issue focuses on “Old Germplasm for New Needs: Managing Crop Genetic Resources”. We gathered novel research, reviews, and opinion pieces covering all related topics, including germplasm evaluation, crop genetics and improvements, novel crops, phenotyping, physiological responses of inbred lines, management solutions, modeling, case studies from the field, and policy positions.

aromatic rice --- local variety --- gelatinization temperature --- badh2-E7 allele --- population structure --- Criollo cacao --- microsatellites --- genetic purity --- Central America --- Axiom 35K Wheat Breeders array --- genetic diversity --- wheat genotyping --- Solanum lycopersicum --- agro-biodiversity --- crops --- breeding --- DNA markers --- black soybean --- green cotyledon --- anthocyanin --- chlorophyll --- Lactuca sativa L. --- crisphead --- oak-leaf --- root system architecture --- tipburn --- nutritional imbalance --- breeding lines --- landraces --- phenotypic traits --- molecular markers --- almond descriptors --- conservation --- endangered cultivars --- fruit quality --- genetic resources --- Prunus dulcis --- MTSI --- multi-environment --- soybean --- seed compositions --- WAASB --- barley --- germplasm --- Hordeum vulgare --- landrace --- DArTseq --- anthocyanins --- black carrot --- bolting --- flavonoids --- glasshouse cultivation --- leaf --- nutrient analysis --- taproot --- n/a

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To meet the global food demand of an increasing population, food production has to be increased by 60% by 2050. The main production constraints, such as climate change, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, soil nutrition deficiency problems, problematic soils, etc., have to be addressed on an urgent basis. More than 50% of human calories are from three major cereals: rice, wheat, and maize. The harnessing of genetic diversity by novel allele mining assisted by recent advances in biotechnological and bioinformatics tools will enhance the utilization of the hidden treasures in the gene bank. Technological advances in plant breeding will provide some solutions for the biofortification, stress resistance, yield potential, and quality improvement in staple crops. The elucidation of the genetic, physiological, and molecular basis of useful traits and the improvement of the improved donors containing multiple traits are key activities for variety development. High-throughput genotyping systems assisted by bioinformatics and data science provide efficient and easy tools for geneticists and breeders. Recently, new breeding techniques applied in some food crops have become game-changers in the global food crop market. With this background, we invited 18 eminent researchers working on food crops from across the world to contribute their high-quality original research manuscripts. The research studies covered modern food crop genetics and breeding.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- dry direct-seeded rice --- early vigor --- QTL --- candidate gene --- phenotyping --- EMS --- MutMap --- mutagenesis --- CLE7 --- tropical maize --- fasciation --- mapping --- radish --- microspore culture --- regeneration rate --- outcrossing --- two-way pseudo-testcross model --- Oryza sativa L. --- PPDK --- flo4-5 --- floury endosperm --- rice --- allelopathy --- yield --- HYV --- Tongil --- indica --- japonica --- SNP --- molecular breeding --- wheat quality --- wheat milling --- wheat hardness --- puroindolines --- water absorption capacity --- crop genetics --- Solanum tuberosum --- abiotic stress --- phenylpropanoids --- essential amino acid --- transcriptome --- small RNA --- comparative genomics --- nutrition --- days to heading --- Hd1 --- Ghd7 --- Hd16 --- chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- cold tolerance (CT) --- gene editing --- genetically modified --- genetically modified organism (GMO) --- crop breeding --- ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) --- genetic screening --- landraces --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- West Africa --- maize improvement --- DArTseq markers --- co-expression network --- drought-tolerant-yield --- reproductive-stage drought --- qDTYs --- transcriptomics --- watermelon --- pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family --- comprehensive analysis --- expression profiling --- flesh color --- canola --- Brassica napus --- genetics --- gene technology --- genomics --- disease resistance --- CSSLs --- drought stress --- ‘KDML105’ rice --- low-temperature germinability --- interspecific cross --- interaction --- peanut --- core collection --- genome-wide association study --- linkage disequilibrium --- dry direct-seeded rice --- early vigor --- QTL --- candidate gene --- phenotyping --- EMS --- MutMap --- mutagenesis --- CLE7 --- tropical maize --- fasciation --- mapping --- radish --- microspore culture --- regeneration rate --- outcrossing --- two-way pseudo-testcross model --- Oryza sativa L. --- PPDK --- flo4-5 --- floury endosperm --- rice --- allelopathy --- yield --- HYV --- Tongil --- indica --- japonica --- SNP --- molecular breeding --- wheat quality --- wheat milling --- wheat hardness --- puroindolines --- water absorption capacity --- crop genetics --- Solanum tuberosum --- abiotic stress --- phenylpropanoids --- essential amino acid --- transcriptome --- small RNA --- comparative genomics --- nutrition --- days to heading --- Hd1 --- Ghd7 --- Hd16 --- chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- cold tolerance (CT) --- gene editing --- genetically modified --- genetically modified organism (GMO) --- crop breeding --- ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) --- genetic screening --- landraces --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- West Africa --- maize improvement --- DArTseq markers --- co-expression network --- drought-tolerant-yield --- reproductive-stage drought --- qDTYs --- transcriptomics --- watermelon --- pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family --- comprehensive analysis --- expression profiling --- flesh color --- canola --- Brassica napus --- genetics --- gene technology --- genomics --- disease resistance --- CSSLs --- drought stress --- ‘KDML105’ rice --- low-temperature germinability --- interspecific cross --- interaction --- peanut --- core collection --- genome-wide association study --- linkage disequilibrium

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

To meet the global food demand of an increasing population, food production has to be increased by 60% by 2050. The main production constraints, such as climate change, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, soil nutrition deficiency problems, problematic soils, etc., have to be addressed on an urgent basis. More than 50% of human calories are from three major cereals: rice, wheat, and maize. The harnessing of genetic diversity by novel allele mining assisted by recent advances in biotechnological and bioinformatics tools will enhance the utilization of the hidden treasures in the gene bank. Technological advances in plant breeding will provide some solutions for the biofortification, stress resistance, yield potential, and quality improvement in staple crops. The elucidation of the genetic, physiological, and molecular basis of useful traits and the improvement of the improved donors containing multiple traits are key activities for variety development. High-throughput genotyping systems assisted by bioinformatics and data science provide efficient and easy tools for geneticists and breeders. Recently, new breeding techniques applied in some food crops have become game-changers in the global food crop market. With this background, we invited 18 eminent researchers working on food crops from across the world to contribute their high-quality original research manuscripts. The research studies covered modern food crop genetics and breeding.

dry direct-seeded rice --- early vigor --- QTL --- candidate gene --- phenotyping --- EMS --- MutMap --- mutagenesis --- CLE7 --- tropical maize --- fasciation --- mapping --- radish --- microspore culture --- regeneration rate --- outcrossing --- two-way pseudo-testcross model --- Oryza sativa L. --- PPDK --- flo4-5 --- floury endosperm --- rice --- allelopathy --- yield --- HYV --- Tongil --- indica --- japonica --- SNP --- molecular breeding --- wheat quality --- wheat milling --- wheat hardness --- puroindolines --- water absorption capacity --- crop genetics --- Solanum tuberosum --- abiotic stress --- phenylpropanoids --- essential amino acid --- transcriptome --- small RNA --- comparative genomics --- nutrition --- days to heading --- Hd1 --- Ghd7 --- Hd16 --- chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- cold tolerance (CT) --- gene editing --- genetically modified --- genetically modified organism (GMO) --- crop breeding --- ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) --- genetic screening --- landraces --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- West Africa --- maize improvement --- DArTseq markers --- co-expression network --- drought-tolerant-yield --- reproductive-stage drought --- qDTYs --- transcriptomics --- watermelon --- pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family --- comprehensive analysis --- expression profiling --- flesh color --- canola --- Brassica napus --- genetics --- gene technology --- genomics --- disease resistance --- CSSLs --- drought stress --- ‘KDML105’ rice --- low-temperature germinability --- interspecific cross --- interaction --- peanut --- core collection --- genome-wide association study --- linkage disequilibrium