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Driving while impaired by drugs – whether licit or illicit – has emerged as an important road safety issue. This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the role and impact of drugs in road accident risk. It reviews the legislation, deterrence and roadside detection practices in member countries as well as preventative measures to combat drug use while driving. It provides recommendations on strategies to adopt in addressing this issue, with a view to contributing to a safe system approach and saving further lives on the roads.

Transport --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Drugged driving --- Law and legislation --- Automobile drivers --- D.U.I. (Drugged driving) --- D.U.I.D. (Drugged driving) --- D.W.I. (Drugged driving) --- Driving and drug use --- Driving under the influence of drugs --- Driving while intoxicated --- Drug-impaired driving --- Drug-related DUI --- Drug use and driving --- Drugs and driving --- DUI (Drugged driving) --- DUID (Drugged driving) --- DWI (Drugged driving) --- Impaired driving (Drugged driving) --- Operating while under the influence --- OWI (Drugged driving) --- Drug use --- Traffic violations

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Drugged driving. --- Cannabis --- Cannabis gigantea --- Cannabis indica --- Cannabis sativa --- Gallow grass --- Cannabaceae --- Marijuana --- Automobile drivers --- D.U.I. (Drugged driving) --- D.U.I.D. (Drugged driving) --- D.W.I. (Drugged driving) --- Driving and drug use --- Driving under the influence of drugs --- Driving while intoxicated --- Drug-impaired driving --- Drug-related DUI --- Drug use and driving --- Drugs and driving --- DUI (Drugged driving) --- DUID (Drugged driving) --- DWI (Drugged driving) --- Impaired driving (Drugged driving) --- Operating while under the influence --- OWI (Drugged driving) --- Traffic violations --- Physiological effect. --- Drug use

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Accidents, Traffic. --- Alcohol Drinking. --- Pharmaceutical Preparations. --- Drinking and traffic accidents --- -Drugged driving --- -Automobile drivers --- D.U.I. (Drugged driving) --- D.U.I.D. (Drugged driving) --- D.W.I. (Drugged driving) --- Driving and drug use --- Driving under the influence of drugs --- Driving while intoxicated --- Drug-impaired driving --- Drug-related DUI --- Drug use and driving --- Drugs and driving --- DUI (Drugged driving) --- DUID (Drugged driving) --- DWI (Drugged driving) --- Impaired driving (Drugged driving) --- Operating while under the influence --- OWI (Drugged driving) --- Traffic violations --- Alcoholism and traffic accidents --- Drunkenness and traffic accidents --- Traffic accidents and alcoholism --- Traffic accidents and drinking --- Traffic accidents --- Drunk driving --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drugs --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Alcohol Consumption --- Drinking, Alcohol --- Consumption, Alcohol --- Drinking --- Traffic Accidents --- Accident, Traffic --- Traffic Accident --- Automobile Driving --- Motor Vehicles --- Congresses --- Drug use --- Conferences - Meetings --- Drugged driving --- Accidents, Traffic --- Alcohol Drinking --- Congresses. --- congresses. --- -Congresses --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Automobile drivers --- Pharmaceuticals --- Verkeersongevallen. (Congres) --- Geneesmiddelen / en verkeer. --- Accidents de la circulation. (Congrès) --- Alcool / et circulation. (Congrès) --- Médicaments / et circulation. --- Alcohol / en verkeer. (Congres) --- Alcohol Drinking Habits --- Alcohol Drinking Habit --- Drinking Habit, Alcohol --- Drinking Habits, Alcohol --- Habit, Alcohol Drinking --- Habits, Alcohol Drinking --- Traffic Collisions --- Traffic Crashes --- Collision, Traffic --- Collisions, Traffic --- Crashes, Traffic --- Traffic Collision --- Drug --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Alcohol Intake --- Alcohol Intakes --- Intake, Alcohol

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Drunk driving - Belgium - Congresses --- Drugged driving - Belgium - Congresses --- Drugged driving --- Drunk driving --- 343.346 <493> --- 351.81 <493> --- Verkeersdelicten. Verkeersovertredingen. Verkeersgevaarlijk gedrag. Rijden onder invloed van drank, drugs--België --- Verkeerswetgeving. Verkeersreglementering--Transportrecht zie {347.763}--België --- Traffic safety --- Traffic regulations --- Sécurité routière --- Circulation --- Conduite sous l'influence de drogues --- Conduite en état d'ivresse --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- BPB0711 --- veiligheid --- 12.04.b --- 13.01.B --- 351.81 <493> Verkeerswetgeving. Verkeersreglementering--Transportrecht zie {347.763}--België --- 343.346 <493> Verkeersdelicten. Verkeersovertredingen. Verkeersgevaarlijk gedrag. Rijden onder invloed van drank, drugs--België --- Alcohol-impaired driving (Drunk driving) --- D.U.I. (Drunk driving) --- D.W.I. (Drunk driving) --- Drink driving --- Drinking and driving --- Driving drunk --- Driving under the influence of alcohol --- Driving while impaired by alcohol --- Driving while intoxicated --- Driving with the prescribed concentration of alcohol --- Drunk while driving --- Drunken driving --- DUI (Drunk driving) --- DWI (Drunk driving) --- Impaired driving (Drunk driving) --- Operating under the influence of alcohol (Drunk driving) --- Operating while under the influence --- OUI (Drunk driving) --- OWI (Drunk driving) --- PCA (Drunk driving) --- Prescribed concentration of alcohol (Drunk driving) --- Drunkenness (Crime) --- Traffic violations --- Drinking and traffic accidents --- Automobile drivers --- D.U.I. (Drugged driving) --- D.U.I.D. (Drugged driving) --- D.W.I. (Drugged driving) --- Driving and drug use --- Driving under the influence of drugs --- Drug-impaired driving --- Drug-related DUI --- Drug use and driving --- Drugs and driving --- DUI (Drugged driving) --- DUID (Drugged driving) --- DWI (Drugged driving) --- Impaired driving (Drugged driving) --- OWI (Drugged driving) --- sécurité --- Preventie ; Verkeersongevallen --- Wettelijke en contractuele aansprakelijkheid ; Algemeen ; België --- Drug use --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Toxicology --- Road traffic --- druggebruik --- verkeersrecht --- Belgium --- Droit pénal --- Circulation routière --- Imprégnation alcoolique et ivresse --- Substances influencant la capacité de conduire --- Infractions --- Code de la route --- roulage --- Belgique --- police --- recherches et constatations --- radars - caméras --- excès de vitesse --- vitesse inadaptée

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Research has shown that an effective way to reduce impaired driving is to increase the perceived risk of being stopped and arrested by law enforcement if driving while impaired. One of the most successful strategies for doing this is the coupling of intense and highly visible enforcement with publicity about the enforcement campaign. The term ""high-visibility enforcement"" (HVE) is used to describe law enforcement efforts aimed at deterring unsafe driving behavior by increasing the public's perception of being caught, arrested, and prosecuted. Two common enforcement strategies of HVE operatio

Drugged driving. --- Drunk driving. --- Alcohol-impaired driving (Drunk driving) --- D.U.I. (Drunk driving) --- D.W.I. (Drunk driving) --- Drink driving --- Drinking and driving --- Driving drunk --- Driving under the influence of alcohol --- Driving while impaired by alcohol --- Driving while intoxicated --- Driving with the prescribed concentration of alcohol --- Drunk while driving --- Drunken driving --- DUI (Drunk driving) --- DWI (Drunk driving) --- Impaired driving (Drunk driving) --- Operating under the influence of alcohol (Drunk driving) --- Operating while under the influence --- OUI (Drunk driving) --- OWI (Drunk driving) --- PCA (Drunk driving) --- Prescribed concentration of alcohol (Drunk driving) --- Drunkenness (Crime) --- Traffic violations --- Drinking and traffic accidents --- Automobile drivers --- D.U.I. (Drugged driving) --- D.U.I.D. (Drugged driving) --- D.W.I. (Drugged driving) --- Driving and drug use --- Driving under the influence of drugs --- Drug-impaired driving --- Drug-related DUI --- Drug use and driving --- Drugs and driving --- DUI (Drugged driving) --- DUID (Drugged driving) --- DWI (Drugged driving) --- Impaired driving (Drugged driving) --- OWI (Drugged driving) --- Drug use --- United States. --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- É.-U. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- ÉU --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA