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Article
Postnatal development of a sexually dimorphic, hypothalamic nucleus in gerbils: A stereological study of neuronal number and apoptosis.
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 1996

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Abstract

Steroid-sensitive, vocal courtship behavior is a function of a specific, hypothalamic nucleus, the sexually dimorphic area pars compacta (SDApc) in the male adult gerbil. Gender-related differences in the number of neurons in this nucleus are evident immediately after birth. By using unbiased stereological estimates of cell numbers in Nissl-stained, paraffin-wax sections of brain, we investigated the mechanisms differentiating cell number between the sexes in the SDApc on postnatal days 0, 3, 6, and 15. Cell death, identified by pyknosis, was greatest in the SDApc between days 0-3 in males, whereas in females, maximum values were reached between days 3-6. Similarly, the ratio of pyknotic to normal neurons peaked between days 0-3 in males and 3-6 in females but then declined in both sexes. Pyknotic cells were seldom seen in either sex by day 15. Morphological characteristics of apoptosis including chromatin condensation, cell fragmentation, and ingestion of apoptic bodies by macrophages were all demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Macrophages showed specific morphological characteristics of microglia. Cell division (mitosis) was identified in the SDApc during postnatal days 0, 3, and 6 but the numbers of mitotic figures were low, negligible on day 15, and similar between the sexes. These results demonstrate that cell death and proliferation occur simultaneously in the neonatal gerbil brain. The stereological estimates of cell death in the developing SDApc indicated a lower incidence of neuronal death occurring earlier in males than in females. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc


Book
Citoarchitettonica cerebrale umana : il contributo di un vecchio atlante di anatomia all'acquisizione di nuove conoscenze sul cervello
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 8847017254 8847017262 Year: 2010 Publisher: Milano : Springer,

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Nel 1925, Economo e Koskinas pubblicarono l’atlante più accurato e completo sulla citoarchitettonica della corteccia cerebrale umana mai realizzato. Una sintesi del contenuto dell'atlante venne in seguito resa disponibile in tedesco e tradotta in italiano, inglese e francese. Il valore scientifico di quest'opera è divenuto più significativo negli ultimi vent’anni con l'avvento delle tecniche di neuroimaging funzionale, le quali consentono persino di rilevare specifici focolai di attivazione nella corteccia cerebrale umana durante l’esecuzione di compiti cognitivi. Questa riedizione in italiano è stata ampliata rispetto all'originale con l'aggiunta della mappa dei solchi e dei giri del cervello. Inoltre, è stata inclusa la tabella delle corrispondenze tra le aree individuate da Economo e Koskinas e quelle descritte da Brodmann. Il volume sarà di grande interesse per tutti coloro che desiderano approfondire la relazione tra la struttura del cervello e le sue funzioni; rappresenterà inoltre un utile strumento di lavoro per i professionisti che utilizzano le neuroimmagini nella loro pratica quotidiana, quali neurofisiologi, neuropsicologi, neuroradiologi, neurologi e neurochirurghi.

Keywords

Brain -- Anatomy -- Atlases. --- Brain -- Anatomy. --- Brain. --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Anatomy --- Brain --- Cytoarchitectonics. --- Histology. --- Anatomy. --- Cytoarchitecture --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Medicine. --- Science. --- Computer graphics. --- Entomology. --- Psychology. --- Materials science. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Psychology, general. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Materials Science, general. --- Science, general. --- Cells --- Histology --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Philosophy (General). --- Computer vision. --- Materials. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Insects --- Zoology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Materials --- Health Workforce --- Optical data processing. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Science, Mental --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Optical equipment

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